Free Nomenclature, Structure and Preparation MCQs with Answers
37 Nomenclature, Structure and Preparation MCQs from Chemistry, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Carboxylic acids are prepared by oxidising primary alcohols or aldehydes, hydrolysing nitriles, esters and amides, and carbonating suitable organometallic compounds. Their structures, IUPAC naming, resonance stabilisation and acidic character explain why carboxylic acids differ from alcohols and phenols, despite all containing oxygen and hydrogen.
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- A. ethanol under reflux with acidified potassium dichromate
- B. ethene with bromine water
- C. propanone with Tollens reagent
- D. ethane with oxygen at room temperature
Explanation: Refluxing keeps the intermediate ethanal in the flask so that oxidation continues to the acid, whereas distilling the product off as it…
Correct answer: ethanol under reflux with acidified potassium dichromate- A. an amine
- B. an aldehyde
- C. an alcohol
- D. a carboxylic acid with the same number of carbon atoms as the nitrile
Explanation: The carbon of the nitrile group becomes the carbon of the carboxyl group, so hydrolysing ethanenitrile gives ethanoic acid and ammonia is…
Correct answer: a carboxylic acid with the same number of carbon atoms as the nitrile- A. ethanoic acid
- B. butanoic acid
- C. propanoic acid
- D. propan-1-ol
Explanation: The molecule has three carbon atoms in total, and the carboxyl carbon is always counted as part of the chain and numbered one, so the name…
Correct answer: propanoic acid- A. this acid, in ancient times, was used to eliminate ant-hills
- B. this corrosive acid is secreted by ants to drive away their enemies
- C. this acid was first obtained by the distillation of ants
- D. ants are attracted by the odour of this acid
Explanation: Formic acid was historically obtained by distilling ants, which explains its name from the Latin word formica meaning ant.
Correct answer: this acid was first obtained by the distillation of ants- A. CO2
- B. CH3CHO
- C. COC2
- D. HCN
Explanation: A Grignard reagent reacts with carbon dioxide to form a magnesium carboxylate, which gives a carboxylic acid after acidic hydrolysis: RMgX…
Correct answer: CO2- A. propane
- B. propanoic acid
- C. propanal
- D. propanol
Explanation: Ethyl magnesium iodide adds to CO2 to form a magnesium carboxylate, and acid hydrolysis converts this intermediate into CH3CH2COOH…
Correct answer: propanoic acid- A. carboxylation
- B. decarboxylation
- C. esterification
- D. hydroxylation
Explanation: Decarboxylation is the removal of carbon dioxide, CO2, from a carboxylic acid or its salt, often on heating with soda lime.
Correct answer: decarboxylation- A. esterification
- B. neutralization
- C. hydrolysis
- D. saponification
Explanation: A carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol in the presence of concentrated H2SO4 to form an ester and water: RCOOH + R'OH ⇌ RCOOR' + H2O.
Correct answer: esterification- A. proteins and oild
- B. fats and proteins
- C. fats and oils
- D. all above
Explanation: Fats and oils are esters of glycerol with long-chain carboxylic acids. Hydrolysis breaks these ester bonds and produces glycerol plus…
Correct answer: fats and oils- A. Acetic acid
- B. Formic acid
- C. Butanoic acid
- D. Citric acid
Explanation: Ethanol is oxidized first to ethanal and then to acetic acid: CH3CH2OH + 2[O] → CH3COOH + H2O.
Correct answer: Acetic acid- A. Oxalic acid
- B. Aromatic acid
- C. Malonic acid
- D. Fumaric acid
Explanation: Propane-1,3-dioic acid has two carboxyl groups on a three-carbon chain, so its accepted common name is malonic acid.
Correct answer: Malonic acid- A. Acetic acid
- B. Formic acid
- C. Carbonic acid
- D. Benzoic acid
Explanation: Acetic acid is used in the manufacture of synthetic rubber as an industrial raw material and processing chemical in the relevant textbook…
Correct answer: Acetic acid- A. Oxalic acid
- B. Succinic acid
- C. Adipic acid
- D. Acetic acid
Explanation: Oxalic acid is used to remove ink stains because it acts as a reducing and complexing agent, helping dissolve coloured metal-containing…
Correct answer: Oxalic acid- A. Oxalic acid
- B. Succinic acid
- C. Malonic acid
- D. Fumaric acid
Explanation: Propane-1,3-dioic acid has three carbon atoms with carboxyl groups at both ends, HOOC-CH2-COOH, whose common name is malonic acid.
Correct answer: Malonic acid- A. Carboxylic acid
- B. Ethanoic acid
- C. Propanoic acid
- D. Butanoic acid
Explanation: A Grignard reagent reacts with carbon dioxide to form a magnesium carboxylate, and acid hydrolysis gives a carboxylic acid with one extra…
Correct answer: Propanoic acid- A. Akinoic acid
- B. Alkanoic acid
- C. Alkenoic acid
- D. Alkyl alkanoate
Explanation: In the IUPAC system, carboxylic acids are also known as alkanoic acids.
Correct answer: Alkanoic acid- A. In the parent name COOH position is not mentioned
- B. COOH is written as substituent and position is mentioned
- C. COOH is given 1st position in all carboxylic acid
- D. Both a and c
Explanation: COOH is given 1st position in all carboxylic acids.
Correct answer: COOH is given 1st position in all carboxylic acid- A. Methanoic
- B. Ethanoic
- C. Propanoic
- D. Butanoic
Explanation: Acetic acid (CH3COOH), also called ethanoic acid, the most important of the carboxylic acids.
Correct answer: Ethanoic- A. 15
- B. 18
- C. 05
- D. 07
Explanation: Stearic acid, with the chemical formula C18H36O2, contains 18 carbon atoms.
Correct answer: 18- A. Butanoic acid
- B. Formic acid
- C. Propionic acid
- D. Acetic acid
Explanation: Butyric acid, also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula…
Correct answer: Butanoic acidNomenclature, Structure and Preparation MCQs: common questions
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