Free Chemical Process Principles MCQs with Answers

• A. Bauxite
• B. Cobalt
• C. Chromium
• D. Nickel oxide on alumina support

Explanation: Naphtha is steam-reformed over a nickel catalyst, commonly formulated as nickel oxide supported on alumina.

• A. Exothermic
• B. Endothermic
• C. Autocatalytic
• D. None of these

Explanation: Neutralisation of ammonia by nitric acid releases heat, so the reaction is exothermic.

• A. Hydrogenated
• B. Gasified
• C. Liquefied
• D. Dehydrogenated

Explanation: Low-grade coal is converted into ammonia synthesis gas by gasification, producing a mixture containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

• A. Ammonium phosphate
• B. Calcium fluoride
• C. Flour apatite
• D. Calcium phosphate

Explanation: Phosphate rock consists mainly of apatite, especially fluorapatite, a calcium phosphate mineral containing fluoride.

• A. Coal gas as heating medium
• B. Natural gas as heating medium
• C. Coal gas as a source of hydrogen
• D. Natural gas as a source of hydrogen

Explanation: In gas-based fertiliser plants, natural gas is primarily reformed to supply hydrogen for ammonia synthesis.

• A. HPO3
• B. H4P2O7
• C. H3PO4
• D. Same as that of Pyrophosphoric acid

Explanation: Meta-phosphoric acid has the formula HPO3 and is commonly represented as a polymeric or cyclic metaphosphate structure.

• A. Cryogenic removal of H2 from coke oven gas
• B. Electrolysis of water
• C. Steam reforming of naphtha
• D. Natural gas cracking

Explanation: Electrolysis of water consumes substantial electrical energy, making hydrogen production costly where electricity is not exceptionally…

• A. Ammonium nitrate
• B. Urea
• C. Calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN)
• D. Ammonium chloride

Explanation: Calcium ammonium nitrate is commonly marketed with about 20.5% nitrogen, matching the stated approximately 20% nitrogen content.

• A. CO2 & KNO3
• B. CO2 & H2SO4
• C. HNO3 & NH4Cl
• D. HNO3 & limestone

Explanation: CAN is produced using ammonia and nitric acid to form ammonium nitrate, together with limestone or another calcium carbonate source as…

• A. Either A. or B.
• B. Hydrochloric
• C. Sulphuric
• D. Neither A. nor B.

Explanation: Sulphuric acid is the conventional industrial leaching acid, while hydrochloric acid can also dissolve phosphate rock and yield phosphoric…

• A. Nitrophosphate
• B. Calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN)
• C. Ammonium phosphate
• D. None of these

Explanation: CAN is a straight nitrogen fertiliser, whereas nitrophosphate and ammonium phosphate supply more than one primary nutrient and are…

• A. Dilute HCl
• B. K2CO3 solution
• C. Dilute H2SO4
• D. Ammoniacal liquor

Explanation: Ammoniacal liquor, a water-based by-product containing dissolved ammonia and other compounds, is used to quench and cool coke-oven gas.

• A. 5
• B. 20
• C. 50
• D. 65

Explanation: Ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4, contains two nitrogen atoms per molecular mass of about 132, giving 28/132 × 100 ≈ 21%.

• A. Exothermic
• B. Endothermic
• C. Autocatalytic
• D. Catalytic

Explanation: Ammonium carbamate decomposes to urea and water, and the dehydration step requires heat, making it endothermic.

• A. Are soluble in CS2
• B. Burns when heated in air
• C. Reacts with hot caustic soda solution to give Phosphine
• D. All A., B., and C.

Explanation: Both forms of phosphorus burn in air when sufficiently heated, although white phosphorus is much more reactive and can ignite…

• A. Nitrogenous fertilisers
• B. Phosphatic fertilisers
• C. None of these
• D. Potassic fertiliser

Explanation: Potassium fertilisers promote the formation and strengthening of fibrous plant material and support sugar accumulation in fruits and…

• A. Urea
• B. Ammonia
• C. Superphosphate
• D. Triple superphosphate

Explanation: A urea prilling tower sprays molten urea from the top, and the droplets solidify as prills while falling through a countercurrent air…

• A. Pyrophosphoric acid
• B. Meta-phosphoric acid
• C. No change in it
• D. None of these

Explanation: On strong heating, orthophosphoric acid loses water and ultimately forms metaphosphoric acid.

• A. Increase its nitrogen content
• B. Cut down its production cost
• C. Add extra nutrient as fertiliser
• D. Avoid the risk of explosion

Explanation: Limestone coating dilutes ammonium nitrate and reduces its detonability and explosion hazard, making handling and storage safer.

• A. Calcium phosphate
• B. Calcium sulphate
• C. Calcium carbonate
• D. Sodium phosphate

Explanation: Bone ash consists mainly of calcium phosphate, principally in the hydroxyapatite form, with smaller quantities of other calcium compounds.