Free Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells MCQs with Answers
80 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and complex membrane-bound organelles, whereas eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus, specialized organelles and a cytoskeleton. Comparisons include DNA organization, ribosomes, cell walls, size, division and examples such as bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
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80 questions · page 2 of 4
- A. Peptidoglycan
- B. Proteins
- C. Glycoproteins
- D. Polysaccharides
Explanation: Archaeobacterial cell walls lack peptidoglycan, the characteristic polymer of ordinary bacterial cell walls; they may instead contain…
Correct answer: Peptidoglycan- A. Cocci
- B. Bacilli
- C. Mycobacterium
- D. Mycoplasma
Explanation: Mycoplasma lacks a cell wall and is surrounded mainly by a plasma membrane containing sterols, making it naturally resistant to…
Correct answer: Mycoplasma- A. Flagella
- B. Pili
- C. Both of these
- D. None of these
Explanation: Pili, especially short fimbriae, help bacteria attach to host cells and other surfaces by means of specific surface-binding proteins.
Correct answer: Pili- A. Cell membrane
- B. Cell wall
- C. Capsule
- D. Basal body
Explanation: A bacterial flagellum is anchored in the envelope by a basal body, which connects the hook and filament to the cell and acts as part of…
Correct answer: Basal body- A. Lophotrichus
- B. Monotrichous
- C. Peritrichous
- D. Amphitrichous
Explanation: A bacterium with tufts of flagella at both poles is amphitrichous, since “amphi” indicates both ends.
Correct answer: Amphitrichous- A. Cocci
- B. Bacilli
- C. Streptobacilli
- D. Vibrio
Explanation: Cocci are spherical bacteria and are commonly non-motile, so they usually lack flagella, although exceptions exist.
Correct answer: Cocci- A. Necleotide
- B. Plasmid
- C. Mesosome
- D. Ribosome
Explanation: Plasmids are small, usually circular DNA molecules that replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome and may carry genes for…
Correct answer: Plasmid- A. Glycogen
- B. Lactic acid
- C. Ammonia
- D. Urea
Explanation: Many bacteria release organic acids such as lactic acid as metabolic waste products, particularly during fermentation when oxygen is…
Correct answer: Lactic acid- A. Campylobactor
- B. spirocheta
- C. E-coli
- D. Pseudomonas
Explanation: Campylobacter is microaerophilic, meaning it grows best at an oxygen concentration below that of normal air.
Correct answer: Campylobactor- A. Heterotrophic bacteria
- B. Chemosynthetic bacteria
- C. Photosynthetic bacteria
- D. Saprotrophic bacteria
Explanation: Purple non-sulphur bacteria use light energy to make ATP, so they are classified as photosynthetic bacteria, although many obtain organic…
Correct answer: Photosynthetic bacteria- A. Heterotrophic bacteria
- B. Chemosynthetic bacteria
- C. Saprophytic bacteria
- D. Parasitic bacteria
Explanation: Parasitic bacteria obtain nutrients from a living host and depend on that host for at least part of their nutrition.
Correct answer: Parasitic bacteria- A. Hetrotrophic bacteria
- B. Chemosynthetic bacteria
- C. Saprophytic bacteria
- D. Parasitic bacteria
Explanation: Nitrifying bacteria obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic nitrogen compounds such as ammonia or nitrite, so they are chemosynthetic…
Correct answer: Chemosynthetic bacteria- A. Aerobic bacteria
- B. Anaerobic bacteria
- C. Facultative bacteria
- D. Microaerophilic
Explanation: E. coli is a facultative anaerobe because it can respire aerobically when oxygen is available but can also grow without oxygen by…
Correct answer: Facultative bacteria- A. Lag phase
- B. Log phase
- C. Stationary phase
- D. Death / decline phase
Explanation: During the log phase, bacteria divide at a rapid and relatively constant rate, producing exponential population growth.
Correct answer: Log phase- A. Gram +ve.
- B. Gram - ve.
- C. Acid fast
- D. Cellulose rich
Explanation: Cyanobacteria have a Gram-negative-type cell envelope, with a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.
Correct answer: Gram - ve.- A. Binary fission
- B. Mitosis
- C. Meiosis
- D. Conjugation
Explanation: Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes and reproduce asexually, commonly by binary fission or fragmentation.
Correct answer: Binary fission- A. 100
- B. 200
- C. 300
- D. 400
Explanation: Standard introductory microbiology texts commonly state that about 200 bacterial species are known to cause disease in humans.
Correct answer: 200- A. Diplococci
- B. Octococci
- C. Tetrad
- D. Sarcina
Explanation: A group of eight cocci arranged as a cubical packet is called a sarcina, produced by division in three planes.
Correct answer: Sarcina- A. Vibrio
- B. Spirillum
- C. Spirochete
- D. Coccus
Explanation: Spirilla are rigid, thick-walled, spiral-shaped bacteria and usually move with polar flagella.
Correct answer: Spirillum- A. Coccus
- B. Bacillus
- C. Vibrio
- D. Spirochete
Explanation: Bacillus anthracis was among the earliest bacteria isolated and studied in pure culture, especially through Robert Koch's work on anthrax.
Correct answer: Bacillus