Free Kingdom Prokaryotae MCQs with Answers

81. The several distinct arrangments of cocci is based on their

• A. Long chain of cells
• B. Planes of division
• C. Grape like clusture shape
• D. All of Above

Explanation: The coccus shape can appear in different arrangements depending upon the plane of division. The coccus can be divided into one, two or three planes. However, random division can also occur. Staphylococci are irregular (grape-like) clusters of cocci (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus). tetrads: Tetrads are clusters of four cocci arranged within the same plane (e.g. Micrococcus sp.). Sarcina: Sarcina is a genus of bacteria that are found in cuboidal arrangements of eight cocci (e.g. Sarcina ventriculi)

82. The cell wall of a bacterial cell is more permeable in

• A. Gram-positive bacteria
• B. Gram-negative bacteria
• C. Both A and B
• D. Mycoplasmas

Explanation: Since Gram-positive bacteria have a single-layered wall, the movement of particles is easier than that of gram-negative bacteria, which have additional wall layers apart from that of peptididoglycan.

83. Chemical substances used on living tissues that inhibit the growth of microorganisms are called

• A. Disinfectant
• B. Sanitizer
• C. Antibiotic
• D. Antiseptics

Explanation: Antiseptics prevent the growth of disease-causing microorganisms.

84. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative bacterium found in the oral cavity that is negatively affected by the presence of oxygen. What term best describes this bacteria?

• A. Facultative anaerobe
• B. Aerotolerant anaerobe
• C. Obligate aerobe
• D. Obligate anaerobe

Explanation: Obligate anaerobes are microorganisms killed by normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen.

85. Which of following is not considered as basic shape of a bacterium?

• A. Cocci
• B. Filamentous
• C. Spiral
• D. Bacilli

Explanation: Option B is correct.On the basis of general shape, bacteria are classified into three categories. These shapes are known as cocci, bacilli and spiral .Although most of the bacterial species have fairly constant characteristic cell shape, yet some cells are pleomorphic and they can exist in a variety of shapes Exceptions to the above shapes are trichome forming, sheathed, stalked,square, starshaped, spindle-shaped, lobed and filamentous bacteria

86. In a bacterial cell, the plasma membrane with all things present within it is called _.

• A. Cytoplasmic matrix
• B. Cytoplasm
• C. Protoplast
• D. Cell Structure

Explanation: Protoplasm is referred to as the living part of the cell which includes the cytoplasm, nucleus, excluding the cell wall. Thus alone, Option A and B doesn't make sense and option 'C' is the most appropriate option.

87. Methanopyrus kandleri is an organism which lives in a hydrogen-carbon dioxide environment, and was first discovered in a hydrothermal vent where temperatures reached 230°F. What sort of organism is this?

• A. Protist
• B. Cyanobacteria
• C. Archaea
• D. Bacteria

Explanation: This question requires the candidate to make use of his/her analytical skills, by co-relating the concepts studied in Kingdom Prokaryote. We know that Archae are those organisms which are able to survive in extreme temperature conditions and, the question mentions a high temperature of upto 210 F. Most of the candidates won't know the example mentioned, but they should be able to recognize the concept asked. Thus, Archae is the correct option.

88. All of the following are characteristics of prokaryotic cell except for?

• A. Unicelularity
• B. Lack of membrane bound organelles
• C. A cell wall
• D. Examples are protists and fungi

Explanation: Option D is correct since fungi and protists are classified as eukaryotes. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes are two different domains. Therefore, prokaryotic cells make up prokaryotes while eukaryotic cells make up eukaryotes. Option A is incorrect as unicellularity is a feature of prokaryotic cells. All prokaryotic cells are unicellular whereas eukaryotic cells may be unicellular or multicellular. Option B is incorrect since prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles. Option C is incorrect since prokaryotic cells possess a peptidoglycan cell wall.

89. The Prokaryotic Life is characterized by:

• A. Absence of locomotion
• B. Absence of nuclear envelope
• C. Absence of Protein
• D. Absence of nuclear material

Explanation: Prokaryotic life is characterized by the absence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles in the cells. Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller and simpler in structure than eukaryotic cells, and they contain a single, circular chromosome that is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane. Prokaryotic cells also lack other membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. Instead, they have a cell wall, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm that contains ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis. Prokaryotic cells can be divided into two main groups: bacteria and archaea. They are found in a wide range of environments, including soil, water, air, and the bodies of plants and animals. Prokaryotes play important roles in many ecological processes, such as nutrient cycling, decomposition, and symbiotic relationships with other organisms. They are also used in many biotechnological applications, such as genetic engineering, bioremediation, and food production.

90. The existance of microbes was confirmed by:

• A. Robert Kuch's work
• B. Louis Pasteur's work
• C. Linneaus's work
• D. Ernst Hackel's work

Explanation: Louis Pasteur was the scientist who is credited with definitively proving the existence of microbes. In the mid-19th century, Pasteur conducted a series of experiments that demonstrated the role of microorganisms in fermentation, putrefaction, and disease. His work laid the foundation for the field of microbiology and led to the development of many important medical and industrial applications, such as vaccines and pasteurization.