Free Growth and Development MCQs with Answers

31. A bean seed contains all of the following EXCEPT:

• A. A seed coat
• B. An epicotyl
• C. A hypocotyl
• D. A hypha
• E. Cotyledon

Explanation: A seed coat is the outer protective layer of a seed. An epicotyl is the part of the embryo that grows above the ground. A hypocotyl is the part of the embryo that grows below the ground. A cotyledon is a leaf-like structure that stores food for the embryo. A hypha is a thread-like filament that is found in fungi.

32. _ is the reconstruction of the lost part of the body:

• A. Growth
• B. Development
• C. Regeneration
• D. Blastulation
• E. Gastrulation

Explanation: Regeneration is the natural process of replacing or restoring damaged or missing cells, tissues, organs, and even entire body parts to full function in plants and animals. It is the ability of an organism to replace lost or damaged parts of its body.

33. The disease that arises due to increasing age is:

• A. Alzheimer's
• B. Hepatitis C
• C. Cholera
• D. Malaria
• E. Beriberi

Explanation: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by progressive loss of memory, cognitive function, and behavior. It is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for about 60-80% of cases. The risk of Alzheimer's disease increases with age, and it is most common in people over the age of 65.

34. The cells in our body are all genetically identical, apart from the:

• A. Somatic cells
• B. Reproductive cells
• C. Muscle fibers
• D. White blood cells

Explanation: Reproductive cells, however, are different. They are produced in the gonads (ovaries in females and testes in males) and are specialized for the purpose of reproduction. In contrast to somatic cells, which have two copies of each chromosome (one from each parent), reproductive cells only have one copy of each chromosome. This is because they are produced through a process called meiosis, which involves two rounds of cell division. During meiosis, the homologous chromosomes (pairs of chromosomes that are identical in size and structure) are separated, resulting in cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. This reduction in chromosome number is necessary for sexual reproduction, as it allows for the mixing of genetic material from two parents to create a new individual with a unique genetic makeup.

35. The cells that play a vital role in the differentiation of various body parts are called:

• A. Ectodermal cells
• B. Mesodermal cells
• C. Endodermal cells
• D. All of the above

Explanation: During embryonic development, the cells in the early embryo undergo a process called differentiation, where they become specialized and give rise to different tissues and organs in the body. This process is controlled by specific groups of cells known as germ layers, which are formed during early embryonic development. These germ layers are the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Ectodermal cells: The ectoderm is the outermost germ layer in the embryo. Ectodermal cells give rise to various tissues, such as the epidermis (outermost layer of the skin), hair, nails, tooth enamel, and parts of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. They also differentiate into the sensory cells of the eyes, ears, and nose. Mesodermal cells: The mesoderm is the middle germ layer in the embryo. Mesodermal cells give rise to several important tissues and structures in the body, including muscles, bones, connective tissues, blood vessels, kidneys, heart, and reproductive organs. They also contribute to the development of the circulatory, skeletal, and excretory systems. Endodermal cells: The endoderm is the innermost germ layer in the embryo. Endodermal cells give rise to the epithelial lining of various organs, including the digestive tract (stomach, intestines), respiratory system (lungs), liver, pancreas, and urinary bladder. They also contribute to the formation of glands, such as the thyroid and thymus. Therefore, all three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) play a vital role in the differentiation of various body parts during embryonic development.

36. The individual with harelip shows the following conditions:

• A. Hard palate
• B. Polydactyl
• C. Cleft Palate
• D. Microcephaly

Explanation: Harelip is a synonymous term for Cleft Palate. A cleft palate happens if the tissue that makes up the roof of the mouth does not join together completely during pregnancy.

37. Amniotic fluid of human embryo protects it from:

• A. Degeneration
• B. Jerks
• C. Encasement
• D. None of these

Explanation: The amniotic fluid acts as a shock absorber, protecting the embryo from sudden movements or jerks that may occur within the mother's body. It helps to dampen external forces and reduces the risk of injury to the developing embryo.

38. Which of the following is the correct sequence of missing events in the diagram given below:

• A. Cleavage -> Fertilization -> Organogenesis -> Gastrulation
• B. Organogenesis -> Gastrulation -> Fertilization -> Cleavage
• C. Fertilization -> Cleavage -> Gastrulation -> Organogenesis
• D. Gastrulation -> Fertilization -> Organogenesis -> Cleavage

Explanation: After gamete formation, the first process that occurs is fertilization, which means the fusion of gametes to form a zygote. Then this zygote divides which is termed as cleavage, then after that and before organogenesis, we have the gastrula stage. Hence option C is correct.

39. Wood is not formed in:

• A. Monocots
• B. Dicots
• C. Gymnosperms
• D. All of given

Explanation: Most seed plants increase their diameter through secondary growth, producing wood and bark. Monocots (and some dicots) have lost this ability, and so do not produce wood.

40. The process of aging:

• A. Can be slowed down by adequate sleep
• B. Can be slowed down by regular meals
• C. Cannot be slowed down in any way
• D. Can be slowed by adequate sleep and regular meals

Explanation: Although exercise is the best way to slow down the process of aging, adopting a diet full of wholesome, nutritious, and fresh foods can keep your body functioning at optimal levels as well as can also slow down the process of aging.