Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 81 of 124
- A. Leeuwenhoek
- B. Louis Pasteur
- C. Walther Flemming
- D. Robert Koch
- E. Edward Jenner
Explanation: This is a fact. Robert Koch formulated the germ theory of disease.
Correct answer: Robert Koch- A. For the maintenance of the temperature of the cell sap
- B. To increase the surface area of the cells
- C. To increase the volume of the cell sap
- D. To provide a place for cell nuclei
- E. To allow movement of soil particles
Explanation: Root hair cells improve plant water absorption by increasing root surface area to volume ratio which allows the root hair cell to take in…
Correct answer: To increase the surface area of the cells- A. cell membrane
- B. cell wall
- C. cytoplasm
- D. Vacuole
- E. all of these options
Explanation: The structure that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell is the cell membrane, as it is selectively permeable.
Correct answer: cell membrane- A. Tissue X secretes RNA which changes the development of tissue Y.
- B. As tissue X develops, it secretes enzymes that inhibit the development of tissue Y.
- C. As tissue X develops, it secretes something that induces tissue Y to develop.
- D. As tissue X develops, it secretes something that slows down the growth of tissue Y.
Explanation: As tissue X develops it secretes something that induces tissue Y to develop indicating positive feedback mechanism.
Correct answer: As tissue X develops, it secretes something that induces tissue Y to develop.- A. Compound microscope
- B. Dark microscope
- C. Transmission electron microscope
- D. Scanning electron microscope
Explanation: Compound microscope produces a 2-D image, dark microscope illuminates sample against a dark background, Transmission electron microscope…
Correct answer: Scanning electron microscope1606. The process by which various components of cells including organelle can be isolated is called:
- A. Homogenization B
- B. Cell Fractionation
- C. Cell Fixation
- D. Gel Electrophoresis
- E. Ultracentrifuge
Explanation: Cell fractionation is a method to separate subcellular components, and isolate organelles and other subcellular components from one another.
Correct answer: Cell Fractionation- A. Bacteria
- B. Fungi
- C. Algae
- D. Plants
Explanation: The correct answer is Bacteria. The question describes a cell wall structure featuring polysaccharide chains linked by short chains of…
Correct answer: Bacteria1608. RNA is absent in:
- A. Plasmalemma
- B. Ribosomes
- C. Chromosomes
- D. Cytoplasmic
Explanation: RNA is not found in plasmalemma. Plasmalemma is also known as the plasma membrane. These are found inner the cell wall of a cell.
Correct answer: Plasmalemma1609. A periplasmic space is:
- A. The space between outer membrane and peptidoglycan layer of cell wall
- B. The space between cell membrane and cell wall
- C. The space within the cell
- D. The space between phospholipld bilayer
Explanation: The periplasmic space is the area between the cell wall and the plasma membrane.
Correct answer: The space between cell membrane and cell wall- A. Cellulose, lignin and xylem
- B. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin
- C. Cellulose only
- D. Cellulose hemicellulose and pectin
Explanation: The composition of the secondary wall includes Inorganic salts, silica waxes, lignin, cutting, hemicellulose, cellulose.
Correct answer: Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin- A. Murein
- B. Chitin
- C. Lignin
- D. Pectin
Explanation: Peptidoglycan or murein is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like peptidoglycan layer outside the plasma…
Correct answer: Murein- A. Microfilaments
- B. Microtubules
- C. Intermediate filaments
- D. Cytoskeleton
Explanation: Microfilaments are versatile components and they play a major role in cytokinesis and the shape of a cell.
Correct answer: Microfilaments- A. Golgi complex
- B. Lysosomes
- C. Peroxisomes
- D. Glyoxysomes
Explanation: Lysosomes function as the digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest…
Correct answer: Lysosomes- A. DNA replicates by semiconservative replication
- B. Cyanobacteria were responsible for the oxygenation of the atmosphere
- C. The early atmosphere was composed of ammonia and methane
- D. Organic molecules can arise from inorganic precursor
Explanation: Stanley Miller and Harold Urey simulated early Earth's atmosphere (methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and water vapor) and passed electric sparks…
Correct answer: Organic molecules can arise from inorganic precursor- A. Duplex, Helix
- B. Helix, Duplex
- C. Duplex, Duplex
- D. Helix, Helix
Explanation: In semi-conservative replication, each new DNA double helix (duplex) contains one parental and one new strand.
Correct answer: Duplex, Duplex- A. Small ribosomal subunit
- B. Initiation factor
- C. Elongation factor
- D. Large ribosomal subunit
Explanation: The large ribosomal subunit (60S in eukaryotes, 50S in prokaryotes) contains the peptidyl transferase activity that catalyzes peptide bond…
Correct answer: Large ribosomal subunit- A. Aminoacyl site
- B. Exit site
- C. Peptidyl site
- D. E site
Explanation: The P site (Peptidyl site) of the ribosome holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain and is the site of peptide bond formation.
Correct answer: Peptidyl site- A. 331
- B. 993
- C. 93
- D. 330
Explanation: Each codon = 3 nucleotides → 993 ÷ 3 = 331 codons. One is a stop codon → 330 codons code for amino acids.
Correct answer: 330- A. GUA
- B. UAA
- C. UUG
- D. AGU
Explanation: UAA, UAG, and UGA are stop codons. They do not code for any amino acid, instead signal termination of translation.
Correct answer: UAA1620. In what direction can a DNA polymerase work when catalyzing the addition of nucleotide monomers?
- A. From the 5' toward the 3' end of the new strand
- B. From the replication centers in two directions called replication forks
- C. From the 3' to the 5' end of the strand being assembled
- D. In both directions if DNA ligase is present
Explanation: DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3′-OH end, meaning the new strand grows in the 5′ → 3′ direction.
Correct answer: From the 5' toward the 3' end of the new strand