All Free Biology MCQs with Answers

1651. According to two kingdom classification fungi were placed in kingdom___________?

• A. Plantae
• B. Animalia
• C. Protista
• D. Fungi

Explanation: In the traditional two-kingdom system, fungi were grouped with plants in Plantae because both are generally nonmotile and possess cell walls. The separate kingdom Fungi reflects modern classification, so selecting it applies a later system rather than the two-kingdom scheme.

1652. The Kingdom of recyclers is known as kingdom_____________?

• A. Algae
• B. Bacteria
• C. Fungi
• D. Embryophata

Explanation: Fungi are called the kingdom of recyclers because their extracellular enzymes decompose dead organic matter and release minerals back into the environment. Bacteria also decompose material, but the standard textbook name for the kingdom of recyclers is Fungi.

1653. Which one of the following is the largest group of fungi?

• A. Zygomycota
• B. Ascomycota
• C. Basidiomycota
• D. Deuteromycota

Explanation: Ascomycota is generally regarded in introductory biology as the largest fungal group, containing numerous yeasts, molds, and cup fungi that produce sexual spores in asci. Basidiomycota includes mushrooms and rusts but has fewer described species, so choosing it over Ascomycota overestimates the size of the mushroom-forming group.

1654. An association in which fungal hyphae penetrate the outer cells of the plant root forming coils swellings and minute branches and also extend out into surrounding soil is called______________?

• A. Mycorrizael association
• B. Endomycorrhizae
• C. Ectomycorrhizae
• D. Lichen

Explanation: Endomycorrhizae grow into the outer root cells and form coils, swellings, or arbuscule-like branches while their hyphae also extend into the surrounding soil. Ectomycorrhizae mainly form a sheath around roots and grow between cells rather than penetrating the cells, so that is the likely mistaken choice.

1655. How many species of ascomycota occur in lichen symbiotic association?

• A. 30%
• B. 40%
• C. 50%
• D. 60%

Explanation: About 50% of known Ascomycota species are associated with lichens, in which the fungus receives organic nutrients and the photosynthetic partner supplies carbohydrates. The 60% option is the likely distractor because it overestimates the proportion of ascomycete species living in this association.

1656. Foliose lichen are_____________?

• A. Stem like
• B. Branching
• C. Leaf like
• D. Crust like

Explanation: Foliose lichens have broad, flattened, leaf-like lobes that are loosely attached to the surface on which they grow. Crustose lichens are crust-like, while fruticose lichens are branching or stem-like, so either of those choices reflects a different lichen form.

1657. Lichen is a symbiotic mutualistic association of fungi with______________?

• A. Autotrophs
• B. Roots of vascular plants
• C. Green algae and cyanobacterium
• D. Leguminous plants

Explanation: A lichen is a mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner, usually a green alga or cyanobacterium. Roots of vascular plants form mycorrhizae with fungi, not lichens, so that option confuses two different symbiotic associations.

1658. Oyster mushroom is an example of predator fungi which attack on______________?

• A. Pin warms
• B. Tape worms
• C. Round worms
• D. Platehelminthes

Explanation: Some oyster mushrooms trap and digest nematodes, which are roundworms, using specialized hyphae or adhesive structures. Tapeworms are flatworms and are not the usual prey described for these predatory fungi, so that is the likely mistaken option.

1659. Mode of nutrition in penecillium is____________?

• A. Saprotrophs
• B. Parasitic
• C. Predators
• D. Mutualistics

Explanation: Penicillium is mainly saprotrophic: it secretes digestive enzymes onto dead organic matter and absorbs the soluble nutrients. It may be mistaken for a parasite because some species produce antibiotics and grow on living or stored materials, but its standard nutritional mode is saprotrophy.

1660. Those fungi which can grow only on their living host and cannot be grown on available defined growth culture medium e.g. various mildews and most rust species are called_____________?

• A. Parasitic fungi
• B. Obligate parasitic fungi
• C. Facultative parasitic fungi
• D. All of these

Explanation: Obligate parasitic fungi must obtain nutrients from a living host and cannot normally complete growth on an artificial defined culture medium. Facultative parasites can also grow independently as saprotrophs, so that term does not fit fungi that require a living host.