Free Soil Science MCQs with Answers

• A. All of the above
• B. Greenhouse pot experimentation & soil testing
• C. Plant analysis
• D. Nutrient deficiency symptoms & field experimentation

Explanation: Fertilizer recommendations are based on several diagnostic approaches: field symptoms and trials, greenhouse experiments, soil testing and…

• A. Drought stress
• B. All of the above
• C. Depletion of soil fertility and SOM
• D. Accelerated erosion & salinization

Explanation: Dryland degradation is driven by interacting stresses, including drought, accelerated erosion, salinization, nutrient depletion and loss…

• A. 6
• B. 7
• C. None of the above
• D. 4

Explanation: The classic soil-forming factors are five: climate, organisms, relief, parent material and time.

• A. both A and B
• B. Transfers and transformations
• C. Additions, losses
• D. None of the above

Explanation: Pedogenic processes alter parent material through additions and losses, movement or transfers within the profile, and transformations of…

• A. Alkaline
• B. both A & CAccess Government Careers
• C. Calcareous
• D. Very much acidic

Explanation: Most cultivated Pakistani soils are alkaline and commonly calcareous, reflecting high base saturation; their organic matter is often below…

• A. Regolith
• B. Outer core
• C. Solum
• D. inner coreGet Study Guides

Explanation: The solum is the developed portion of a soil profile, normally comprising the O, A, E and B horizons.

• A. Master horizons
• B. All of the above
• C. Little horizons
• D. Transition horizons

Explanation: Horizons such as AB, EB, BA and BE combine characteristics of two adjacent master horizons, so they are called transition horizons.

• A. Zone of Illuviation
• B. Zone of eluviation
• C. Zone of evaluation
• D. None of the above

Explanation: Illuviation is the downward accumulation of materials removed from upper horizons, including clay and iron or aluminium oxides.

• A. Cateena
• B. Chronosequence
• C. Catena
• D. Biosequence

Explanation: A catena is a sequence of soils formed from similar parent material but differing because of their positions on a slope and related…

• A. Cool climate
• B. Acidic conditions
• C. both A & B
• D. None of the above

Explanation: Peat accumulates where plant residues decompose slowly, typically in cool, waterlogged and often acidic conditions.

• A. Till
• B. Moraine
• C. Colluvial
• D. None of the above

Explanation: The Indus plains consist chiefly of alluvial material deposited by the Indus and its tributaries.

• A. Loess
• B. Colluvial
• C. Eolian
• D. Alluvial

Explanation: Loess is wind-deposited material dominated by silt-sized particles. Eolian is the broader term for any wind-transported deposit, whereas…

• A. Disintegration
• B. Sedimentation
• C. both A & C
• D. Decomposition

Explanation: Weathering includes both physical disintegration of rocks into smaller pieces and chemical decomposition of minerals.

• A. Edaphology
• B. None of the above
• C. Poly pedology
• D. Pedology

Explanation: Pedology is the study of soil genesis, development, classification and distribution.

• A. All of the above
• B. Cation exchange capacity
• C. Aggregate stability
• D. Water holding capacity

Explanation: Organic matter improves water-holding capacity, increases cation exchange capacity through its charged surfaces, and helps bind particles…

• A. Air
• B. none of the above
• C. both A and B
• D. Water

Explanation: The mineral component consists of sand, silt, clay and other mineral particles.

• A. Regulates water supply & recycles waste materials
• B. Medium for plant growth & Habitat for organisms
• C. Engineering medium & modifies the atmosphere
• D. Dirt which is threat to all living life & crop production

Explanation: Soil supports plant growth, habitats, water regulation, waste recycling, engineering activities and atmospheric modification.

• A. All of the above
• B. Water
• C. Air
• D. Minerals And organic matter

Explanation: Soil contains mineral particles, organic matter, water and air, along with living organisms.

• A. Pedoturbation
• B. Homogenization
• C. Lessivage
• D. Melanization

Explanation: Earthworms mix and homogenize the originally layered alluvial deposits, reducing their stratification.

• A. Iluviation
• B. Eluviation
• C. Illuviation
• D. Melanization

Explanation: Illuviation is the downward accumulation of materials, such as clay, iron or humus, that have been removed from an upper horizon by…