Free Soil Science MCQs with Answers

• A. Andisols
• B. Inceptisols
• C. Entisols
• D. Aridisols

Explanation: Entisols are very young soils with little or no horizon development, often forming on recent alluvium, dunes, or eroded surfaces.

• A. Erosion & pollution
• B. Waterlogging & salinization
• C. Nutrient mining
• D. All of these

Explanation: Erosion removes fertile topsoil, pollution adds harmful substances, waterlogging and salinization impair root conditions, and nutrient…

• A. Both a & b
• B. Alkaline
• C. High temperature
• D. None of a & bSoil

Explanation: Warm Pakistani conditions accelerate microbial breakdown of organic residues, while the generally neutral to alkaline reaction supports…

• A. Soil neutrality
• B. Soil quality
• C. Both a & b
• D. None of these

Explanation: Soil quality describes the soil's continuing capacity to perform its functions, including supporting plant and animal health.

• A. Industrial
• B. Agricultural
• C. Household
• D. All of the above

Explanation: Industrial, agricultural, and household wastes can all introduce chemicals, salts, pathogens, or heavy metals into soil.

• A. Loam
• B. Sandy loam
• C. Loamy sand
• D. Clay

Explanation: Loam is the ideal agricultural textural class because it contains a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay.

• A. Ec
• B. pH
• C. Pascal
• D. None of the above

Explanation: pH is the logarithmic scale used to express hydrogen-ion activity and indicate acidity or alkalinity, with 7 regarded as neutral.

• A. Brushwood check dams
• B. Loose stone or wire-bound check dams
• C. All of the above
• D. Cement & stone check dams

Explanation: Pakistan has used brushwood, loose-stone or wire-bound, and cement-and-stone check dams to slow runoff and trap sediment.

• A. < 0.002 mm- >2 mm
• B. 0.5 mm - 1.0 mm
• C. 0.02 mm- 0.2 mm
• D. None of the above

Explanation: Soil inorganic particles range from clay smaller than 0.002 mm to gravel and rock larger than 2 mm.

• A. Alfisols. fine & coarse textured
• B. Histosols, peat & muck
• C. Ultisols, Fe & Al rich
• D. None of the above

Explanation: Organic soils are classified as Histosols, formed mainly from accumulated plant residues.

• A. Both A & B
• B. Albizia lebbeck
• C. Casuarina equisetifolia
• D. None of the above

Explanation: Casuarina equisetifolia is a salt-tolerant tree used in reclamation and afforestation of saline and sodic soils.

• A. Saline soil
• B. None of the aboveSoil
• C. Alkaline
• D. Saline-Alkaline

Explanation: Soils containing both abundant soluble salts and high exchangeable sodium are termed saline-alkali or saline-sodic soils.

• A. Both a & b
• B. Protection against biotic interference
• C. Treatment of shifting sand-dunes by fixing barriers in parallel stripes or in a chess-board design, using the local shrub material starting from the crest of the dunes to protect the seedlings from burial or exposure by the blowing of sand.
• D. None of these

Explanation: Shifting dunes are stabilized by barriers arranged in parallel strips or a chess-board pattern, followed by protection of planted…

• A. Provision of surface-cover that intercepts the rain before hitting the soil.
• B. Reducing the amount of runoff by promoting infiltration.
• C. Both a & b
• D. None of the aboveSoil

Explanation: Surface cover intercepts raindrops and protects soil aggregates, while improved infiltration reduces the volume of runoff available to…

• A. 12.6 mha
• B. 8.2 mha
• C. 5.7 mha
• D. None of the above

Explanation: About 5.7 million hectares of Pakistan’s irrigated land are commonly reported as affected by salinity.

• A. The above statement is wrong
• B. 5.16 mha
• C. 22.5 mha
• D. 4.11 mha

Explanation: The Soil Survey of Pakistan reports about 4.11 million hectares as waterlogged in areas receiving summer rainfall.

• A. Gully Erosion
• B. Sheet erosion
• C. Rill erosion
• D. Rainsplash erosion

Explanation: Tunnel erosion develops when water flows through subsurface channels and is generally considered an advanced or concealed form of gully…

• A. Soil testing
• B. Plant tissue testing
• C. All of these
• D. Aspergillus niger test

Explanation: Soil testing measures available nutrients directly, plant-tissue testing reveals the nutrients actually absorbed, and the Aspergillus…

• A. Traffic soles
• B. Plough soles
• C. Pudding
• D. Compaction

Explanation: Compaction is the increase in soil bulk density caused by pressure from machinery, animals or other loads, usually with reduced pore…

• A. All of these
• B. Over grazing
• C. Mismanagement of irrigation syste
• D. Indiscriminate felling of trees

Explanation: Deforestation, overgrazing and poorly managed irrigation can all remove vegetation, loosen soil or increase runoff, thereby causing soil…