Free Irrigation and Water Management MCQs with Answers

• A. Delta
• B. Critical velocity
• C. Cutoff
• D. Turbulence

Explanation: Meandering can narrow the neck between two bends until the river cuts through it, forming a cutoff and often leaving an oxbow lake.

• A. Have drainage facility
• B. Give additional anchorage against sliding
• C. Provide water into branch canals
• D. improve strength of lining

Explanation: Weep holes allow water trapped behind canal lining to escape, reducing pore-water pressure and preventing damage to the lining.

• A. Mango
• B. Banana
• C. Dates
• D. Orange

Explanation: Banana is commonly recommended for wastewater irrigation because it has a high water and nutrient demand and can tolerate relatively…

• A. Within the middle third of base
• B. At the heel
• C. At the toe
• D. At centre of base

Explanation: When the reservoir is full, hydrostatic pressure shifts the resultant toward the downstream side, increasing the compressive stress at the…

• A. Irrigates only on one side
• B. Is most suitable in hilly areas
• C. Is generally aligned parallel to the contour of the area
• D. Avoids the cross drainage works

Explanation: A watershed canal follows the watershed divide, so drainage water does not normally cross the canal and costly cross-drainage works are…

• A. Critical depth
• B. Sub-critical flow
• C. Non-critical flow
• D. Shooting flow

Explanation: When flow depth exceeds critical depth, the Froude number is below one and the flow is sub-critical, meaning disturbances can travel…

• A. Bottom width of channel
• B. Depth of channel
• C. Sloping side of channel
• D. None of these

Explanation: For the most economical trapezoidal channel, the half top width equals the length of one sloping side.

• A. Gives max. Discharge
• B. Has minimum wetted perimeter
• C. Involves lesser excavation
• D. All of these

Explanation: With fixed area and bed slope, the most economical section has the minimum wetted perimeter, which maximizes hydraulic radius and…

• A. v2/2g
• B. v2/g
• C. v/2g
• D. v/g

Explanation: The total energy line includes the velocity head in addition to the hydraulic grade line, so their vertical separation is v²/2g.

• A. 2/3 cd. b (2 gh) 1/2
• B. 2/3 cd. B (2g) 1/2 H
• C. 2/3 cd. B (2g) 1/2 H3/2
• D. 2/3 cd. b (2g) 1/2 H 5/2

Explanation: For a rectangular notch, discharge is Q = 2/3 Cd b√(2g)H^(3/2), where b is notch width and H is the head over the crest.

• A. Continuity Equation
• B. Pascal s law
• C. Archimede's principle
• D. Bernoulli equation

Explanation: Bernoulli’s equation expresses conservation of mechanical energy in steady, incompressible, frictionless flow, including pressure…

• A. Laminar flow
• B. uniform flow
• C. Steady flow
• D. Transitional flow

Explanation: Laminar flow has smooth, orderly motion in which particles follow definite, non-crossing streamlines.

• A. Steady flow
• B. Uniform flow
• C. Compressible flow
• D. Laminar flow

Explanation: Uniform flow means the flow velocity does not change from section to section along the direction of flow.

• A. Atmospheric pressure
• B. absolute pressure
• C. Vacuum pressure
• D. gauge pressure

Explanation: A piezometer measures pressure relative to atmospheric pressure, so its reading represents positive gauge pressure.

• A. None of these
• B. Compressibility
• C. Capillary
• D. Surface Tension

Explanation: Surface tension pulls the liquid surface inward and tends to minimise its surface area, making small falling raindrops nearly spherical.

• A. Specific weight
• B. Mass weight
• C. Mass density
• D. Capillary rise is significant

Explanation: Specific weight is the weight of liquid per unit volume, expressed as γ = ρg.

• A. Density of liquid
• B. Specific gravity of liquid
• C. Specific gravity of water
• D. Density of water

Explanation: Specific gravity is the ratio of a substance’s specific weight to the specific weight of water under the same reference conditions.

• A. Sub-surface flow
• B. All are correct
• C. Ground flow
• D. Base flow

Explanation: Base flow is the relatively sustained contribution to streamflow supplied by groundwater and other delayed subsurface drainage.

• A. Alignment of canal
• B. Lining of canal
• C. Designing of canal
• D. All are correct

Explanation: Canal alignment is the fixing of the canal’s route and ground points so that the designed centre line can be set out correctly.

• A. Full supply level
• B. Static water level
• C. Water table
• D. All are correct

Explanation: At zero pumping or discharge, the water level in a well reaches its natural equilibrium level, called the static water level.