Which viral disease has been declared completely eradicated worldwide by vaccination?
Correct answer: D. Smallpox
- A. Poliomyelitis
- B. Measles
- C. Hepatitis B
- D. Smallpox
Explanation
Smallpox was declared eradicated by the WHO in 1980 after a global vaccination campaign, helped by the fact that the virus had no animal reservoir and every infection was visibly obvious. Polio is the tempting choice because it is close to eradication and Pakistan is one of the last countries still reporting cases, but it is not eradicated. Measles and hepatitis B remain widespread despite effective vaccines.
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Viruses are acellular infectious particles made of genetic material enclosed by a protein capsid, sometimes with a lipid envelope. Their replication depends on a host cell and may follow lytic or lysogenic cycles, so viral structure and reproduction differ fundamentally from those of cellular organisms such as bacteria.
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