Which two stages of aerobic respiration generate ATP directly by substrate level phosphorylation?
Correct answer: D. Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
- A. Glycolysis and the electron transport chain
- B. The link reaction and the Krebs cycle
- C. The Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
- D. Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
Explanation
In glycolysis and the Krebs cycle a phosphate is transferred straight from a substrate to ADP, giving 4 ATP total per glucose. The electron transport chain makes the rest of the ATP indirectly, through the proton gradient, which is oxidative rather than substrate level.
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About Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration releases energy from glucose through glycolysis, the link reaction, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. The pathway differs in oxygen availability: aerobic respiration uses oxygen and yields more ATP, while anaerobic respiration produces much less ATP and forms lactic acid in muscles or ethanol and carbon dioxide in yeast.
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