Which of the following organelles is related with genetic engineering?
Correct answer: B. Plasmids
- A. Mitochondria
- B. Plasmids
- C. Golgi bodies
- D. Lysosomes
Explanation
Plasmids are an extrachromosomal genetic element found in many bacteria and in a few eukaryotic cells. Plasmids are closed circles of double stranded DNA, ranging in size from one to 200 kilobases. They frequently carry genes conferring antibiotic resistance. Plasmids are becoming important tools for genetic engineering since they have the ability to replicate and migrate to daughter cells. Plasmids are widely used as carriers of cloned genes, as for example the E.coli plasmid pBR322. When plasmids are used as cloning vectors and carry a novel DNA sequence they are referred to as chimeric plasmids.
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Biotechnology in health care applies biological organisms, cells or enzymes to diagnose and treat disease. The subject includes recombinant DNA, genetically engineered insulin, vaccines, antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy and techniques such as polymerase chain reaction, while distinguishing therapeutic applications from agricultural and industrial biotechnology.
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