Which of the following is donor impurity?
Correct answer: A. Arsenic
- A. Arsenic
- B. Indium
- C. Germanium
- D. Carbon
Explanation
Arsenic (As) is an example of a donor impurity in semiconductor materials. Arsenic is a pentavalent dopant with five valence electrons. When added to the crystal lattice of a semiconductor like silicon or germanium, arsenic contributes extra electrons to the material. These additional electrons become the majority charge carriers, increasing the material's conductivity. Therefore, arsenic, like phosphorus, acts as a donor impurity in semiconductors.
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A p-n junction forms when p-type and n-type semiconductor regions meet, creating a depletion layer, barrier potential and rectifying action. The work covers forward and reverse bias, junction current, diode characteristics, and how a diode converts alternating current into pulsating direct current through half-wave and full-wave rectification.
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