Minority carriers in N-type substances are:
Correct answer: A. Holes
- A. Holes
- B. Electrons
- C. Protons
- D. Positive ions
Explanation
In N-type semiconductors, the minority carriers are the positively charged "holes." Even though N-type semiconductors primarily consist of excess electrons as majority carriers due to the doping with pentavalent impurities, a small number of holes-resulting from thermal generation or other processes-exist as minority carriers in the material. However, their concentration is significantly lower compared to the majority electrons in N-type semiconductors.
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A p-n junction forms when p-type and n-type semiconductor regions meet, creating a depletion layer, barrier potential and rectifying action. The work covers forward and reverse bias, junction current, diode characteristics, and how a diode converts alternating current into pulsating direct current through half-wave and full-wave rectification.
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