Asked in Premeth Test 10 — Bioenergetics, Acellular Life and Circulation (12 March 2025) 2025

Which of the following is derived from the host by HIV?

Correct answer: A. Envelope

  • A. Envelope
  • B. RNA
  • C. Reverse Transcriptase
  • D. All of these

Explanation

The envelope of a virus is derived from the host cell's membrane during the process of viral budding. As enveloped viruses assemble inside the host cell, they acquire a portion of the host's lipid bilayer, which forms the outer envelope surrounding the viral capsid. Viral proteins, such as glycoproteins, are inserted into this membrane before or during budding, allowing the virus to recognize and attach to new host cells. Because the envelope is made from the host cell's own membrane, it helps the virus evade the immune system to some extent, but it also makes enveloped viruses more sensitive to detergents, heat, and drying compared to non-enveloped viruses.

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About AIDS and HIV Infection

HIV is a retrovirus that infects CD4 T lymphocytes and gradually weakens immune function, while AIDS is the advanced syndrome caused by severe immune deficiency. Coverage includes viral transmission, replication, disease progression, opportunistic infections, diagnosis, prevention and the difference between HIV infection and AIDS.

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