What are the main differences between 'offensive' and 'defensive' realists?
Correct answer: B. Offensive realists emphasize the importance of relative power and are always wary of expansionary power Defensive realists recognize the cost of war and are more open to cooperation, but realize that weapons will always be needed given the existence of expansionary powers
- A. Offensive realists are more contemporary, defensive realists are more traditional
- B. Offensive realists emphasize the importance of relative power and are always wary of expansionary power Defensive realists recognize the cost of war and are more open to cooperation, but realize that weapons will always be needed given the existence of expansionary powers
- C. Offensive realists are advocates of free trade and international cooperation, while defensive realists propose protectionist measures and isolationism
- D. Offensive realists prefer pre-emptive attacks, defensive realists will only go to war to defend themselves
Explanation
Offensive realists argue that anarchy encourages states to maximise relative power, while defensive realists stress that excessive expansion is costly and that states usually seek sufficient security. Defensive realism therefore leaves more room for cooperation, although military capabilities remain necessary.
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