Warming an alkyl halide with aqueous silver nitrate produces a precipitate of silver halide. This reaction is used to
Correct answer: D. compare the relative rates at which different carbon to halogen bonds break
- A. measure the boiling point of the halide
- B. convert the halide into an alkene
- C. prepare a Grignard reagent
- D. compare the relative rates at which different carbon to halogen bonds break
Explanation
The halide ion must be released before it can precipitate with silver, so the speed at which the precipitate appears reflects how easily the carbon to halogen bond breaks, and the iodide gives a yellow precipitate fastest while the chloride is slowest. Ethanol is added as a co solvent so that the halide and the aqueous reagent mix. The colour of the precipitate also identifies which halogen is present.
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About Nucleophilic Substitution
Nucleophilic substitution replaces a leaving group in an alkyl halide when an electron-rich nucleophile attacks the carbon atom. The topic compares SN1 and SN2 mechanisms, including reaction conditions, substrate structure, solvent effects, nucleophile strength, carbocation formation and stereochemical changes, and distinguishes substitution from elimination.
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