The major cause of head loss at a sharp bend in a pipe is:
Correct answer: D. Local turbulence and flow separation
- A. Change in fluid density
- B. Reduction in gravitational acceleration
- C. Increase in atmospheric pressure
- D. Local turbulence and flow separation
Explanation
A sharp bend changes the direction of flow and produces separation, eddies, and turbulence. These local effects dissipate mechanical energy and are treated as a minor loss.
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About Hydraulics and Water Resources
Hydraulics studies fluid properties, pressure, buoyancy, continuity, Bernoulli's equation, momentum, pipe flow, open-channel flow and hydraulic machines. Water resources extends these principles to pumps, turbines, reservoirs, irrigation, floods and hydrology, while distinguishing laminar from turbulent flow and uniform from gradually varied channel flow.
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