Statements: All dogs are loyal. All loyal are brave. Conclusions: I. All dogs are brave. II. Some brave are dogs.
Correct answer: D. Both I and II follow
- A. Neither I nor II follows
- B. Only conclusion I follows
- C. Only conclusion II follows
- D. Both I and II follow
Explanation
To evaluate the conclusions, we can analyze the given statements:1. All dogs are loyal.2. All loyal are brave.From these statements, we can deduce that all dogs are loyal, and since all loyal are brave, it follows that all dogs are also brave. This validates conclusion I.Regarding conclusion II, if all dogs are brave, it logically follows that some brave are dogs, as the set of 'dogs' is a subset of 'brave'. Thus, both conclusions I and II follow from the given statements.
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About Logical Deductions
Logical deductions require conclusions to be drawn from stated facts, conditions and relationships without adding outside information. The work includes handling all, some and none statements, necessary and sufficient conditions, ordering restrictions, true or false conclusions, and the difference between what must be true and what could be true.
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