Statements: All clouds are grey. Some grey things are fog. Conclusions: I. Some fog is cloud. II. Some grey things are clouds
Correct answer: A. Only II
- A. Only II
- B. Only I
- C. None
- D. I and II
Explanation
The correct answer is Option A: Only II. The statement 'All clouds are grey' implies that any cloud is also grey. The statement 'Some grey things are fog' does not allow us to conclude that any fog is necessarily a cloud, as the fog could be among the grey things that are not clouds. Thus, Conclusion I ('Some fog is cloud') is not validly deduced from the statements. However, because all clouds are grey, Conclusion II ('Some grey things are clouds') is valid, as it is possible for some grey things to be clouds. Option B is incorrect because Conclusion I is not supported by the given statements. Option C is incorrect because Conclusion II can be deduced. Option D is incorrect because, as explained, only Conclusion II is valid.
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About Logical Deductions
Logical deductions require conclusions to be drawn from stated facts, conditions and relationships without adding outside information. The work includes handling all, some and none statements, necessary and sufficient conditions, ordering restrictions, true or false conclusions, and the difference between what must be true and what could be true.
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