Regarding mitosis and cytokinesis, one difference between higher plants and animals is that in plants:
Correct answer: C. A cell plate begins to form at telophase, whereas in animals a cleavage furrow is initiated at that stage
- A. The spindles contain microfibrils in addition to microtubules, whereas animal spindles do not contain microfibrils
- B. Sister chromatids are identical, but they differ from one another in animals
- C. A cell plate begins to form at telophase, whereas in animals a cleavage furrow is initiated at that stage
- D. Chromosomes become attached to the spindle at prophase, whereas in animals chromosomes do not become attached until anaphase
Explanation
One key difference between mitosis and cytokinesis in higher plants and animals is the process by which cytokinesis occurs. In animals, cytokinesis typically involves the formation of a cleavage furrow, which is a constriction around the cell equator formed by a contractile ring of actin and myosin filaments. This furrow deepens until the cell is pinched into two daughter cells. In higher plants, however, cytokinesis occurs differently due to the presence of a cell wall. During cytokinesis in plant cells, a structure called the cell plate forms. This cell plate develops in the middle of the dividing cell, and it consists of vesicles containing cell wall materials and other components. These vesicles fuse together, gradually forming a new cell wall that separates the two daughter cells.
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Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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