Muhammad Iqbal's idea of spiritual democracy refers primarily to a political order based on:
Correct answer: B. Equality and moral freedom under divine guidance
- A. Rule by a hereditary priestly class
- B. Equality and moral freedom under divine guidance
- C. Absolute authority of a military ruler
- D. The separation of ethical values from politics
Explanation
Iqbal's spiritual democracy combines political equality with moral responsibility and the guidance of Islamic values. It is not a clerical monarchy or a system that removes ethical principles from public life.
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About Muslim Political Thought
Muslim political thought explores Islamic ideas about governance, authority, justice, consultation, leadership, law and the relationship between religion and the state. It examines the political arguments of Al-Farabi, Al-Mawardi, Ibn Khaldun, Shah Waliullah, Muhammad Iqbal and other thinkers, distinguishing classical theories of the caliphate from modern debates about the Islamic state.
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