Molecules of a gas at constant pressure for a fixed amount of gas have average kinetic energy X. Increasing temperature from 27 oC to 327 oC, the average K.E. of molecules will become:
Correct answer: D. 2X
- A. 20X
- B. 300X
- C. 200X
- D. 2X
Explanation
Average kinetic energy is proportional to absolute temperature, not to Celsius temperature, so convert first: 27 C is 300 K and 327 C is 600 K. The absolute temperature doubles, so the average kinetic energy becomes 2X.
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Thermal equilibrium and heat explain how temperature and energy transfer are related, while molar specific heats describe the heat required by a gas at constant volume or constant pressure. The first law connects heat supplied, work done and change in internal energy, with sign conventions kept distinct from temperature changes.
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