___________is a family of research designs used to examine potential causes for observed differences found among existing groups?
Correct answer: D. Causal-comparative research
- A. Historical research
- B. Experimental research
- C. Basic research
- D. Causal-comparative research
Explanation
Causal-comparative research compares existing groups to explore possible causes of differences that are already present. Unlike experimental research, the researcher does not assign or manipulate the suspected cause.
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Assessment gathers evidence of learning, while evaluation uses that evidence to judge achievement, teaching or a programme. Coverage includes formative and summative assessment, diagnostic and placement tests, validity, reliability, objectivity, scoring, grading, feedback, and norm-referenced versus criterion-referenced interpretation. Measurement supplies numerical results, but evaluation involves a broader judgement.
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