In thermodynamics, the internal energy is a state function, which is
Correct answer: B. Independent of the path taken to reach a state
- A. Depends on the path taken to reach a state
- B. Independent of the path taken to reach a state
- C. Always increasing in a closed system
- D. Dependent only on external factors
Explanation
In thermodynamics, internal energy is a state function, meaning it is determined by the state of the system and is independent of the path taken to reach that state. This is why option B is correct. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because they describe characteristics not applicable to state functions: A refers to path dependence, C suggests a constant increase which is not necessarily true, and D incorrectly emphasizes external factors over system properties.
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About First Law of Thermodynamics
The first law relates heat supplied, work done and the change in internal energy through energy conservation. Problems use sign conventions and apply the law to isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric and isochoric processes. Internal energy is a state function, while heat and work depend on the path followed.
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