In England and Wales, a patient lacks capacity and needs help with personal care. Two safe approaches are available, but one involves less restriction of the patient’s movement. Which approach best follows the Mental Capacity Act?

In England and Wales, a patient lacks capacity to choose a treatment. The patient’s record shows a previous clear objection to that treatment, although the objection is not a formal advance decision. What should the nurse do?

In England and Wales, a patient with capacity agrees to an operation but then says, “Stop,” while preparations are being made. What should the nurse do?

In England and Wales, a patient lacks capacity to decide about discharge. The patient’s daughter says, “I know exactly what my parent would want,” but there is no health and welfare attorney. What should the nurse do?

In England and Wales, a patient’s capacity to consent varies during the day because of a fluctuating mental health condition. The patient is alert and can weigh the information this morning. What should the nurse do?

In England and Wales, an adult with capacity asks the nurse not to involve a relative in a discussion about treatment. The relative offers useful information about the patient’s usual communication. What should the nurse do?

In England and Wales, an unconscious patient arrives with a life-threatening injury and requires immediate treatment. There is no time to establish the patient’s wishes or contact relatives. What should the nurse support the team to do?