In England and Wales, a patient lacks capacity to decide about discharge. The patient’s daughter says, “I know exactly what my parent would want,” but there is no health and welfare attorney. What should the nurse do?

In England and Wales, a patient is confused after receiving a sedating medicine and cannot explain the decision about a non-urgent procedure. The confusion is expected to improve later. What should the nurse do?

A patient lacks capacity to decide whether to move to a quieter room. The move is likely to reduce distress, and the patient’s previous wishes support it. Which action best meets the Mental Capacity Act?

A patient with dementia refuses assistance with washing. The patient can understand, retain and weigh the information about the choice and communicate a clear decision. What should the nurse do?

In England and Wales, a patient with capacity agrees to an operation but then says, “Stop,” while preparations are being made. What should the nurse do?

In England and Wales, a patient lacks capacity to choose a treatment. The patient’s record shows a previous clear objection to that treatment, although the objection is not a formal advance decision. What should the nurse do?

In England and Wales, a patient lacks capacity and needs help with personal care. Two safe approaches are available, but one involves less restriction of the patient’s movement. Which approach best follows the Mental Capacity Act?