Germanium at 0K is:
Correct answer: C. Insulator
- A. Conductor
- B. Semiconductor
- C. Insulator
- D. P and N semiconductor
Explanation
Germanium is a semiconductor, which means that its ability to conduct electricity depends on the availability of free charge carriers. At 0K, there is no thermal energy to excite electrons from the valence band to the conduction band, leaving no free charge carriers to support conduction. Therefore, germanium behaves as an insulator at this temperature. Other options are incorrect because they do not account for the lack of free charge carriers at 0K. Specifically, pure germanium at 0K cannot be a conductor or a semiconductor due to its lack of conductivity, and it is not doped to become a P-type or N-type semiconductor.
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A p-n junction forms when p-type and n-type semiconductor regions meet, creating a depletion layer, barrier potential and rectifying action. The work covers forward and reverse bias, junction current, diode characteristics, and how a diode converts alternating current into pulsating direct current through half-wave and full-wave rectification.
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