Enzymes are described as biological catalysts because they

  • A. are used up in the reactions they catalyse
  • B. raise the activation energy of a reaction
  • C. supply energy to drive unfavourable reactions
  • D. speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy and are recovered unchanged

Explanation

An enzyme provides an alternative pathway with a smaller energy barrier, so a far larger proportion of collisions are effective at body temperature, and it emerges from each cycle ready to work again. It cannot make an energetically unfavourable reaction happen, only accelerate one that is already possible. A single enzyme molecule may convert thousands of substrate molecules per second.

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