During the first three steps of glycolysis, glucose is converted to Fructose 1, 6-diphosphate by the rearrangement of the molecule and addition of two phosphate groups. The phosphate comes from?

Correct answer: D. ATP

  • A. Phospholipids of the membrane
  • B. ADP
  • C. Inorganic phosphates
  • D. ATP

Explanation

During the initial steps of glycolysis, ATP molecules are crucial for facilitating the phosphorylation of glucose. In the first step, glucose is phosphorylated by ATP to form glucose-6-phosphate, catalyzed by the enzyme hexokinase. In the third step, another ATP molecule donates a phosphate group to fructose 6-phosphate, forming fructose 1,6-diphosphate through the action of the enzyme phosphofructokinase. These phosphorylation steps are essential for the continuation of glycolysis and subsequent energy production. The other options, like phospholipids and ADP, do not contribute phosphate groups in this metabolic pathway, while inorganic phosphates are not the direct source of phosphorylation in these steps.

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Cellular respiration explains how cells release energy from glucose through glycolysis, the link reaction, Krebs cycle and electron transport chain. It includes ATP production, substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation, aerobic versus anaerobic respiration, and the roles of mitochondria, oxygen and fermentation in energy transfer.

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