Dark reaction of photosynthesis takes place in _ of the chloroplast.
Correct answer: D. Stroma
- A. Thylakoids
- B. Grana
- C. Intergrana
- D. Stroma
Explanation
The dark reactions of photosynthesis, also known as the Calvin Cycle or light-independent reactions, take place in the stroma of the chloroplast. The stroma is the fluid-filled region surrounding the thylakoid membranes in the chloroplast. While the light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane, the Calvin Cycle, where carbon dioxide is fixed and converted into carbohydrates, occurs in the stroma.
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Cellular respiration explains how cells release energy from glucose through glycolysis, the link reaction, Krebs cycle and electron transport chain. It includes ATP production, substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation, aerobic versus anaerobic respiration, and the roles of mitochondria, oxygen and fermentation in energy transfer.
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