An enzyme lowers the activation energy of a reaction by
Correct answer: B. binding the substrate at its active site and stabilising the transition state
- A. raising the temperature of the substrate
- B. binding the substrate at its active site and stabilising the transition state
- C. supplying energy to the reactants
- D. changing the equilibrium position
Explanation
Binding orients the substrate correctly and strains the bonds that are about to break, offering a lower energy route to the products. The enzyme is regenerated unchanged and does not shift the equilibrium, only the speed at which it is reached. This last point is what separates a catalyst from a reactant.
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About Enzymes as Biocatalysts
Enzymes are protein or RNA biocatalysts that lower activation energy without being consumed, and their active sites bind specific substrates. The topic covers the lock and key and induced fit models, effects of temperature, pH and substrate concentration, cofactors, enzyme specificity, and competitive versus non-competitive inhibition.
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