Alcohols are carbon compounds containing a hydroxyl (OH) group. Alkenes are carbon compounds containing at least 1 carbon-carbon double bond (C=C).Dehydration (removal of H₂O) of Alcohol W in the presence of phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) produces H₂O and a mixture of 4 alkenes (Alkenes 1-4) that each contain only 1 C=C bond:Dehydration of each of 3 other alcohols (Alcohols X, Y, and Z) produces H₂O and 2 or more of Alkenes 1-4. Students studied the dehydration of each of these 4 alcohols, which are all liquids at 25°C.Which of the following statements gives the most likely reason that the test tube was cooled in ice water, as shown in Figure 1? The test tube was most likely cooled in ice water to more readily:
Correct answer: B. Condense the vapour produce
- A. Condense the liquid produced
- B. Condense the vapour produce
- C. Evaporate the liquid produced
- D. Evaporate the vapour produced
Explanation
Condensation is the change of the state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase and is the reverse of vaporization. A lower temperature is needed to promote condensation of vapors into liquid; hence, B is the correct answer.
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Scientific reasoning evaluates hypotheses through observations, variables, controls, measurements and experimental results. Questions involve identifying independent and dependent variables, recognising a fair test, interpreting tables or graphs, distinguishing evidence from opinion, and deciding whether data supports, rejects or leaves a hypothesis unresolved.
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