Alcohols are carbon compounds containing a hydroxyl (OH) group. Alkenes are carbon compounds containing at least 1 carbon-carbon double bond (C=C).Dehydration (removal of H2O) of Alcohol W in the presence of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) produces H2O and a mixture of 4 alkenes (Alkenes 1-4) that each contain only 1 C=C bond:Dehydration of each of 3 other alcohols (Alcohols X, Y, and Z) produces H2O and 2 or more of Alkenes 1-4. Stu- dents studied the dehydration of each of these 4 alcohols, which are all liquids at 25°C.What was the most likely purpose of the sand bath shown in Figure 1 ?
Correct answer: A. To evenly distribute heat to the flask
- A. To evenly distribute heat to the flask
- B. To partially cool the test tube
- C. To provide sand as a reactant in the dehydration reaction
- D. To provide sand as a surface onto which the vapours would condense
Explanation
The sand bath spreads the heat out so that the flask is heated evenly. This reduces the chance of the flask breaking and ensures that there are no hot spots in the reaction mixture which could lead to excessive charring, for example.
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Scientific reasoning evaluates hypotheses through observations, variables, controls, measurements and experimental results. Questions involve identifying independent and dependent variables, recognising a fair test, interpreting tables or graphs, distinguishing evidence from opinion, and deciding whether data supports, rejects or leaves a hypothesis unresolved.
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