A mother infected with HIV can pass the virus to her child
Correct answer: A. during pregnancy, during delivery and through breastfeeding
- A. during pregnancy, during delivery and through breastfeeding
- B. only through the genes she passes on
- C. only if the child is vaccinated
- D. never, since HIV requires a needle to spread
Explanation
Mother to child transmission can occur across the placenta, at birth and in breast milk, which is why antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy sharply cuts the risk. HIV is never inherited through genes, since it infects cells rather than the germ line.
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Viruses are acellular infectious particles made of genetic material enclosed by a protein capsid, sometimes with a lipid envelope. Their replication depends on a host cell and may follow lytic or lysogenic cycles, so viral structure and reproduction differ fundamentally from those of cellular organisms such as bacteria.
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