Free Research Methods and Statistics MCQs with Answers

• A. A control
• B. A critical
• C. Deception
• D. An irrevelant

Explanation: A question about having ever lied to one’s parents is a control or comparison question in a polygraph test.

• A. counterconditioning
• B. meta-analysis.
• C. factor analysis.
• D. electic therapy.

Explanation: Meta-analysis statistically combines findings from multiple studies to estimate the overall evidence for an effect.

• A. You get an average bowling score in one game and a superb score in the next game.
• B. You get an average bowling score in one game and a very low score in the next game.
• C. You get an average bowling score in one game and another average score in the next game.
• D. You get a terrible bowling score in one game and an average score in the next game.Pakistan Current Affairs

Explanation: Regression toward the mean predicts that an unusually extreme result is likely to be followed by a result closer to average.

• A. the percentage of relatives who exhibit the same disorder.
• B. the percentage of people with a given disorder who are currently receiving treatment.
• C. the prevalence of a given disorder in the general population.
• D. the rate of cure for a given disorder.

Explanation: A concordance rate is the proportion of related individuals, often twins, who both show the same disorder or trait.

• A. had practical significance
• B. resulted from chance variations
• C. were not strongly correlated
• D. were not due to chance

Explanation: Statistical significance means that the observed result would be unlikely if only chance variation were operating, commonly judged using a…

• A. norms
• B. levels
• C. scores
• D. validity

Explanation: Norms are comparison standards developed from the scores of a relevant reference group, allowing an individual's performance to be…

• A. naturalistic observation.
• B. the correlational method
• C. a controlled experiment.
• D. the survey method

Explanation: The correlational method measures the degree and direction of relationship between two variables or events.

• A. carefully design controlled situations in which to observe behavior
• B. rely on observations of subjects responses tonaires
• C. observe behavior as it happens outside the laboratory or clinic
• D. make records of the behavior of clients treated in therapy

Explanation: Naturalistic observation records behavior in the setting where it normally occurs, without imposing a controlled laboratory situation.

• A. Speculation and common sense
• B. Generalisation and common sense
• C. Hindsight and experimentation
• D. Controlled Measurement and experimentation

Explanation: Controlled measurement makes observations objective and systematic, while experimentation allows psychologists to test relationships under…

• A. ensuring that participation is involuntary
• B. harming the subjects when necessary
• C. minimizing confidentiality
• D. providing results and interpretations to participants

Explanation: Ethical research includes treating participants honestly and informing them about the study and its findings when appropriate.

• A. morality of the under investigation
• B. falsified results
• C. invasion of privacy
• D. loss of future research possibilities

Explanation: Along with deception and possible lasting harm, invasion of privacy is a major ethical concern because researchers must protect…

• A. representativeness
• B. predictability
• C. accuracy of inference
• D. consistency

Explanation: Reliability means consistency: a reliable test produces similar results when measurement conditions remain comparable.

• A. clinical study
• B. experiment
• C. survey
• D. correlational study

Explanation: An experiment is the most powerful tool for testing cause and effect because the researcher manipulates an independent variable and…

• A. a high dosage of alcohol
• B. one-half the dosage given the experimental group
• C. a driving test before and after drinking alcohol.
• D. no alcohol at all

Explanation: A control group should not receive the experimental variable, so it would receive no alcohol while the experimental group receives…

• A. Correlational method
• B. Experimental method
• C. Naturalistic observation method
• D. Participant observer method

Explanation: The experimental method manipulates an independent variable while controlling other factors, allowing researchers to test whether it…

• A. Naturalistic observation
• B. Scheduled interview
• C. Case study
• D. Biographical enquiry

Explanation: A scheduled interview uses a predetermined set of questions or response areas, ensuring that the investigator elicits comparable…

• A. there is one independent variable having three levels
• B. there are three independent variables having one level each
• C. there is one independent variable and three dependent variables
• D. there is one independent variable having four levels

Explanation: The number of bystanders is one independent variable, and it has three levels: zero, two, and four bystanders.

• A. non-parametic
• B. introspection
• C. field research
• D. parametic statistics

Explanation: Introspection relies on a person's subjective report of inner experience, so it lacks the objective and replicable qualities expected of…

• A. parapsychology
• B. psychometrics
• C. measure ecology
• D. social psychology

Explanation: Psychometrics is the branch concerned with constructing and evaluating psychological tests, including measures of intelligence, aptitude…

• A. has not been standardized
• B. is not valid
• C. is not reliable
• D. has not been factor analyzed

Explanation: A valid diagnostic test should distinguish people who have depression from those who do not, so similar scores indicate poor validity.