Free Cell Injury and Adaptation MCQs with Answers

• A. Dysplasia
• B. Anaplasia
• C. Normal histologyTry Prep Courses
• D. Metaplasia

Explanation: Replacement of the normal stratified squamous epithelium of the lower oesophagus by columnar epithelium is Barrett metaplasia.

• A. There are many cyclin inhibitors which prevent cell to enter into S phase in adult
• B. Phosphatase absent in fetal cells
• C. Proteinase is absent in fetus
• D. Absence of CD kinase

Explanation: Terminal differentiation commonly places adult cells in a stable G0 state through cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors that block…

• A. Pyknosis
• B. Karyorhexis
• C. Karyolysis
• D. None

Explanation: Karyolysis is the fading and disappearance of nuclear chromatin due to enzymatic DNA degradation in necrotic cells.

• A. Lipochrome
• B. Wear and tear pigment
• C. Aging pigment
• D. All of the aboveConsult Online Doctors

Explanation: Lipofuscin is a yellow-brown, insoluble residual pigment formed from lipid-containing cellular debris.

• A. Labile cells
• B. Permanent cells
• C. Stable cells
• D. None of the aboveAccess Clinical Journals

Explanation: Labile cells continuously enter the cell cycle and retain the ability to proliferate throughout life, as seen in surface epithelia and…

• A. M phase
• B. G1 phase
• C. S phase
• D. G2 phaseOrder DNA Kits

Explanation: The G1 phase contains the restriction point, where the cell commits to DNA replication and entry into the cycle or exits into G0.

• A. Go - M - G2 - S - G1
• B. Go - G1 - G2 - S - M
• C. Go - G1 - S - G2 - M
• D. Go - G1 - S - M - G2

Explanation: The standard sequence is G1 growth, S-phase DNA synthesis, G2 preparation, and M-phase mitosis; nondividing cells may reside in G0 before…

• A. Smooth muscle cells
• B. Endotheilial cells
• C. Bone marrow cells
• D. Neurons

Explanation: Neurons are permanent cells that generally do not re-enter the cell cycle or undergo mitotic division after maturation.

• A. Mitosis - M phase
• B. Synthesis - S phase
• C. Gap - G1 phase
• D. Gap - G2 phase

Explanation: DNA replication occurs during the S, or synthesis, phase of the cell cycle.

• A. Hypertrophy
• B. Atrophy
• C. Hyperplasia
• D. Metaplasia

Explanation: Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells caused by increased cellular proliferation.

• A. Dysplasia
• B. Aplasia
• C. Anaplasia
• D. Metaplasia

Explanation: Metaplasia is a reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another, producing a change in the tissue’s structure and function.

• A. Both of the above
• B. Hypertrophy
• C. Hyperplasia
• D. None of the above

Explanation: The pregnant uterus enlarges through both hypertrophy of existing smooth-muscle cells and hyperplasia by formation of additional cells.

• A. Diminished generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
• B. Formation of amorphous densities in the mitochondrial matix
• C. Formation of blebs in the plasma membrane
• D. Detachment of ribosomes from the granular endoplasmic reticulum

Explanation: Amorphous densities in the mitochondrial matrix indicate severe mitochondrial damage and are a feature of irreversible cell injury.

• A. Differentiation
• B. Hyperplasia
• C. Hypodontia
• D. Hypertrophy

Explanation: Hypertrophy means enlargement of individual cells, causing an organ to increase in size. Hyperplasia instead increases the number of cells.

• A. Karyolysis
• B. Karyorrhexis
• C. Pyknosis
• D. Cytolysis

Explanation: Karyolysis is the fading and dissolution of nuclear chromatin caused by DNA degradation during necrosis.

• A. Liquefactive necrosis
• B. Coagulative necrosis
• C. Chronic inflammation
• D. Scar tissue

Explanation: Most infarcts are caused by ischaemia and show coagulative necrosis, with preservation of the basic tissue outline for some time.

• A. G1
• B. S
• C. G2
• D. M

Explanation: DNA replication occurs during the S, or synthesis, phase of the cell cycle.

• A. Nuclear basophilia
• B. Nucleus disintegration
• C. Nuclear shrinkage
• D. Nucleolus disintegration

Explanation: Pyknosis is the irreversible condensation and shrinkage of the nucleus, producing a small, intensely basophilic nuclear mass.

• A. None of the above
• B. Irreversible injury
• C. Both A and B
• D. Reversible injury

Explanation: Cellular swelling and fatty change are early, potentially reversible responses to injury, provided the damaging stimulus is removed.

• A. Hypoparathyroidism
• B. Hypercalcemia
• C. Vitamin D deficiency
• D. All of the above

Explanation: Metastatic calcification occurs in otherwise viable tissues when the serum calcium-phosphate balance is increased, most commonly due to…