Free Forest Management MCQs with Answers

• A. Channel interception or direct precipitation over the steam rain flow incident
• B. All of the above
• C. Sub-surface flow or inter-flow
• D. Base flow
• E. Surface run-off

Explanation: Streamflow reaches a channel through direct precipitation, surface runoff, subsurface or interflow, and groundwater base flow.

• A. When discharge is plotted over time in minutes, hours
• B. Days resulting curve is known as hydrograph
• C. Both (a) & (b)
• D. None of these

Explanation: A hydrograph is the curve obtained by plotting stream discharge against time, which may be recorded in minutes, hours, or days.

• A. All of the above
• B. A = Cross Sectional Area
• C. V = Velocity of Water
• D. Q = AV

Explanation: Discharge is calculated by Q = AV, where A is the channel cross-sectional area and V is the mean water velocity.

• A. Flood flower peak discharge: Max quality or height (stage) of water during a period
• B. Both (a) & (b)
• C. Flood stage: High water level human property or which overflows the normal banks of a stream
• D. None of these

Explanation: Peak flood discharge is the maximum flow during a flood, while flood stage refers to a water level high enough to approach or exceed the…

• A. Local floods and their frequency is increased
• B. Denudation is watershed
• C. All of the above
• D. Rainfall pattern
• E. Compaction of soil and decrease in inf rate

Explanation: Flooding is promoted by intense or poorly distributed rainfall, watershed denudation, and soil compaction that reduces infiltration and…

• A. Long rain floods
• B. Snow melt floods
• C. Slash floods (high rains)
• D. Tidal flood
• E. All of the above

Explanation: Major flood categories include prolonged-rain floods, snowmelt floods, flash floods, and tidal floods.

• A. Flood data of past is collected and arranged in descending order
• B. All of the above
• C. Probability of occurrence of certain flood is known
• D. Ranking of observation is carried out

Explanation: Frequency analysis ranks historical flood peaks, usually from largest to smallest, and uses their rank and record length to estimate…

• A. Those areas of the world which by reason of physical limitation, low and erratic precipitation, rough topography, poor drainage
• B. Extreme temperature are unsuited to cultivation
• C. All of the above
• D. A source of wood products, water and wildlife

Explanation: Rangelands are lands too restricted by aridity, erratic precipitation, terrain, drainage, or temperature for reliable cultivation, yet…

• A. Due to bioclimatic variations, the range vegetation varies from one area to other
• B. Range condition of the areas also varies from site to site
• C. Alpine pastures and northern mountain ranges are comparatively in fair to good condition
• D. All of the above

Explanation: Pakistan’s rangeland vegetation and condition vary with its strong bioclimatic and topographic differences, while many northern alpine…

• A. The biological techniques like stabilization of sand dunes should be expanded over to other ranges also
• B. Range lands provide habitat for the conservation of wildlife and preservation of other natural resources
• C. New innovations like urea molasses etc may help in meeting nutritional requirements of the livestock
• D. All of the above
• E. Research on range lands must be augmented

Explanation: Each measure addresses a different weakness in Pakistan’s rangelands: restoring degraded sites, supporting wildlife habitat, improving…

• A. Landscape and environment
• B. All of the above
• C. Range types
• D. Land use

Explanation: A description of Trans-Himalayan grazing lands covers their physical environment, the way the land is used and the range types found…

• A. All of the above
• B. Chitral
• C. Swat
• D. Gilgit
• E. Dir

Explanation: In Pakistan, Trans-Himalayan grazing lands occur across the northern mountain districts, including Dir, Chitral, Swat and Gilgit.

• A. All of the above
• B. Hindu Kush
• C. Pamir
• D. Karakrum

Explanation: Pakistan’s far northern high-mountain region is formed by the Karakoram, Hindu Kush and Pamir systems.

• A. K2
• B. Nanga Parbat
• C. Kakaposhi
• D. Trichmir
• E. All of the above

Explanation: K2, Nanga Parbat, Rakaposhi and Tirich Mir are all major high peaks of the northern mountain region; “Kakaposhi” and “Trichmir” are…

• A. The foothill ranges
• B. All of the above
• C. Valley depression grazing land
• D. Alpine pastures
• E. Dry temperate ranges

Explanation: The Trans-Himalayan grazing-land vegetation sequence includes lower foothill ranges, dry temperate ranges, valley depressions and high…

• A. Siran
• B. Kaghan
• C. All of the above
• D. Jhelum
• E. Neelam

Explanation: Himalayan forest grazing lands extend through the Siran, Kaghan, Neelam and Jhelum valleys or adjoining areas.

• A. Acacia modesta
• B. All of the above
• C. Salvadora oleoides
• D. Capparis aphylla

Explanation: Heavily eroded degraded zones commonly retain hardy drought-tolerant species such as Acacia modesta, Capparis aphylla and Salvadora…

• A. Acacia modesta
• B. Gymnosporea royleama
• C. All of the above
• D. Zizyphus nummularia

Explanation: The hotter sandstone aspect supports Acacia modesta, Gymnosporia royleana and Ziziphus nummularia, species adapted to warmer and…

• A. olea sp
• B. colitis sp
• C. Acacia modesta
• D. All of the above

Explanation: The cooler sandstone aspect may contain scattered Olea, Celtis and Acacia modesta trees, with the vegetation becoming more open rather…

• A. All of the above
• B. The tract is bound by the piedmont of the Salt Range in the north
• C. The Indus River flood plains in the west and Jhelum and Chenab Rivers flood plains in the east
• D. Over an area of 2.6 million ha

Explanation: The Desert Ranges cover about 2.6 million hectares and are geographically bounded by the Salt Range piedmont to the north, the Indus flood…