Free Forest Ecology MCQs with Answers

• A. Dryland farming
• B. Wildlife habitat
• C. None of these
• D. Both (a) & (b)

Explanation: Kohistan land supports both dryland farming and livestock grazing, while its natural vegetation also provides wildlife habitat.

• A. Both (a) & (b)
• B. Soil type and relief
• C. Topography
• D. None of these

Explanation: Kohistan vegetation varies with topography, soil and relief because these factors control water availability, drainage and growing…

• A. Trees/Shrubs: Acacia nilotics, A. Senegal, Barleria acanthoides, Calotropis procera
• B. Grasses: Aristida adscensionis, A. Nutabilis Cenchrus ciliaris, C. Biflorus
• C. Forbs: Aerva tomentosa, Cassia holosericea, Convolvulus glomeratus, Crotolaria biforia
• D. All of the above

Explanation: Kohistan grazing lands contain woody species such as Acacia and Calotropis, grasses such as Cenchrus and Aristida, and several forbs.

• A. None of these
• B. 46.50 million ha
• C. 56.80 million ha
• D. 34.73 million ha

Explanation: Balochistan covers about 347,000 square kilometres, which converts to approximately 34.73 million hectares.

• A. 50
• B. 45
• C. 55
• D. None of these

Explanation: Sibi has an intensely hot summer climate, with temperatures reaching about 50°C, while winter temperatures may fall to 1–3°C.

• A. Juniperus excelsa
• B. Pistacia
• C. Fraxinus
• D. All of the above
• E. Caragana

Explanation: Intermontane vegetation in Balochistan includes juniper, Pistacia, Fraxinus and Caragana, reflecting the region's dry mountain ecology.

• A. From 400 to 500 mm
• B. From 300 to 400 mm
• C. From 200 to 250 mm
• D. None of these

Explanation: The Sulaiman mountain ranges are arid to semi-arid, with annual rainfall commonly given as roughly 200 to 250 mm.

• A. 70
• B. 60
• C. 50
• D. None of these

Explanation: About 70% of Pakistan has arid or semi-arid conditions, which explains the dominance of dryland vegetation and the importance of watershed…

• A. 3000 m
• B. 4000 m
• C. 5000 m
• D. 6000 m

Explanation: Alpine pastures generally begin around 3,000 m and extend upward to the lower limit of perpetual snow.

• A. Alpine scrub type consisting of moist deciduous Apline scrub, dry sone alpine scrub, moist Alpine pasture, dry Alpine plateau pastures, dwarf juniper scrub, and dwarf Rhododendron scrub forest
• B. Most Alpine scrub comprises dry alpine scrub and moist alpine scrub
• C. All of the above
• D. Alpine forests contain Alpine fir birch forest, Rhododendron forest and high level bluepine forests

Explanation: Alpine vegetation is broadly described through alpine scrub, alpine pasture and high-altitude alpine forest communities, with the listed…

• A. The arid and semi-arid zones of the world, arid savannas of the tropics, the slopes of the mountains of the tropics
• B. And subtropics and forest areas of the developing world under shifting cultivation have been described as 'Fragile Ecosystems'
• C. Because their equilibrium appears to be easily upset and because they become ecologically degraded if certain forms of land use
• D. All of the above

Explanation: Fragile ecosystems include arid and semi-arid regions, tropical and subtropical mountain slopes, savannas and areas under shifting…

• A. Natural body which is composed of a mixture of organic and inorganic matter in which plants and other living organism grow
• B. Both (a) & (b)
• C. The unconsolidated mineral material on the surface of earth that serves as natural medium for land plants
• D. None of these

Explanation: Soil may be defined broadly as a natural body containing organic and inorganic matter that supports organisms, or more narrowly as…

• A. Productive capacity
• B. Supporting power
• C. Monitor storage capacity
• D. All of the above
• E. Nutrients availability

Explanation: Physical properties such as texture, structure, porosity and water-holding capacity influence productivity, mechanical support, moisture…

• A. Water holding capacity
• B. Aeration
• C. Porosity
• D. All of the above
• E. Heat transfer

Explanation: Aggregate structure controls pore spaces, so it affects water retention, air movement, porosity and the transfer of heat through the soil.

• A. Basis: The classification of soil structure is based on size shape and stability of soil aggregates. The soil aggregate may be of following forms
• B. Major shape: Spheroidal, plate like, bloke like, prism like
• C. None of these
• D. Both (a) & (b)

Explanation: Soil-structure classes are described using aggregate size, shape and stability, with the main forms being spheroidal, platy, blocky and…

• A. Single grained: Where each soil particles function as an individual e.g. Sandy soil
• B. Both (a) & (b)
• C. Massive: Clay fills the spaces and pores so that the soil becomes dense and forms clods
• D. None of these

Explanation: Single-grained soil has separate particles, typical of sand, while massive soil has particles packed together without clear structural…

• A. Key to fertility of soil
• B. Important factor in soil erosion
• C. Both (a) & (b)
• D. None of these

Explanation: Good soil structure supports fertility by improving aeration, water movement and root growth, and it also affects how easily soil is…

• A. Course textured soil (more sand particles)
• B. Medium textured soil (qual proportion of very fine sand, silt and clay)
• C. Fine textured soil (silt and clay)
• D. All of the above

Explanation: Soil texture is commonly grouped as coarse, medium and fine according to the relative amounts of sand, silt and clay.

• A. All of the above
• B. Larger is size
• C. Have large pores due to which they
• D. Do not retain water/nutrients
• E. Composed of mineral quartz

Explanation: Sand particles are relatively large and are commonly dominated by quartz; the large spaces between them allow rapid drainage but provide…

• A. Intermediate in size between sand and clay
• B. All of the above
• C. More plasticity than sand
• D. Powdery feeling

Explanation: Silt is intermediate in particle size between sand and clay and feels smooth or powdery when dry.