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Free Forest Ecology MCQs with Answers

837 Forest Ecology MCQs from Forestry, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.

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837 questions · page 17 of 42

321. The cold season, lasting from ______ , enjoys its major share from western disturbances which are also the source of snowfall in the Himalayas, Hindu Kush and Karakoram:

  • A. December to February
  • B. January to March
  • C. March to May
  • D. None of these

Explanation: Pakistan's cold season is conventionally taken as December to February, when western disturbances bring winter rain and Himalayan…

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Correct answer: December to February

322. Temperature - with June the hottest month, summer (May to August) in plains is very hot and daily maximum temperature normally exceed 40

  • A. Upper Sind
  • B. Upper Punjab
  • C. Upper KPK
  • D. None of these

Explanation: Upper Sind is the best fit because its low-lying, arid plains commonly experience extreme summer heat, with maximum temperatures exceeding…

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Correct answer: Upper Sind

323. Winds - Hot and desiccating winds blow from _____ at the rate of 80-96 km per hour and decrease the efficiency of the already meager rainfall in the plains areas:

  • A. June to October
  • B. April to September
  • C. July to November
  • D. None of these

Explanation: Hot, dry winds are characteristic of the April-to-September period, especially before and during the hotter part of summer.

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Correct answer: April to September

324. Soil in the humid-subhumid parts is:

  • A. In general
  • B. Brown fertile light sandy
  • C. Both (a) & (b)
  • D. None of these

Explanation: The intended description is that these soils are generally brown, fertile and light-textured or sandy.

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Correct answer: Both (a) & (b)

325. The organic matter, generally 0.5 - 0.8% to about 75 - 100 cm depth, drops to about 0.3% at ______.

  • A. Lower depths
  • B. Upper depths
  • C. Middle depths
  • D. None of these

Explanation: Organic matter normally decreases with depth because plant residues and roots are concentrated near the surface, so it falls to about 0.3%…

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Correct answer: Lower depths

326. The calcium carbonate content which is usually between 6 and 10%, has reached into the deeper layers, forming a zone of lime nodules (Kankar) at about _____ depth:

  • A. 70-100 cm
  • B. 90-120 cm
  • C. 80-110cm
  • D. None of these

Explanation: The described kankar or lime-nodule zone occurs at roughly 90–120 cm depth in these soils.

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Correct answer: 90-120 cm

327. Water-logging is a serious problems, with water-table within _____ over the greater part of the area:

  • A. 5m
  • B. 6m
  • C. 7m
  • D. 8m

Explanation: A water table within 5 m of the surface is shallow enough to create widespread waterlogging and restrict root aeration.

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Correct answer: 5m

328. The deserts of Pakistan is:

  • A. Siahan
  • B. All of the above
  • C. Thal
  • D. Cholistan
  • E. Thar

Explanation: Siahan, Thar, Thal and Cholistan are all recognized desert regions of Pakistan, although they differ in location and landscape character.

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Correct answer: All of the above

329. The bacteria, which reduce nitrates in the soil to gaseous nitrogen, are known as denitrifying bacteria such as:

  • A. Nitromonas
  • B. Nostoc
  • C. Pseudomonas
  • D. Rhizobium

Explanation: Pseudomonas carries out denitrification, converting nitrates into gaseous nitrogen that returns to the atmosphere.

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Correct answer: Pseudomonas

330. Removal of top soil by soil erosion result in the loss of soil:

  • A. Nitrites
  • B. Nitric and nitrous acids
  • C. Nitrogen
  • D. Nitrates

Explanation: Erosion removes nutrient-rich topsoil, including soluble nitrate compounds, so the soil loses nitrates along with organic matter and other…

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Correct answer: Nitrates

331. The transfer of food energy from the sources in plants through a series of organisms with repeated stages of eating and being eaten is known as:

  • A. Food chain
  • B. Food web
  • C. Food link
  • D. Food way

Explanation: A food chain is a linear sequence in which energy passes from plants or other producers through organisms that eat one another.

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Correct answer: Food chain

332. Short and simple food chains are rare in the world and may be found in simple ecosystems like:

  • A. Savanna
  • B. Tundra
  • C. Grassland
  • D. Desert

Explanation: Tundra ecosystems have low plant diversity and limited primary production, so they commonly support short and simple food chains.

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Correct answer: Tundra

333. Desertification is:

  • A. Use of the desert for good of mankind
  • B. Control of the desert
  • C. Spread of the desert
  • D. None of these

Explanation: Desertification is the degradation of productive land into desert-like conditions, commonly through drought, vegetation loss and…

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Correct answer: Spread of the desert

334. An association between two organisms belonging to different species, which live together for mutual benefit or on partner gets benefit and other, is neither benefited nor harmed is known as:

  • A. Predation
  • B. Parasitism
  • C. None of these
  • D. Symbiosis

Explanation: Symbiosis is a close association between different species and includes mutualism, where both benefit, and commensalism, where one…

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Correct answer: Symbiosis

335. Symbiotic association in which both the partners get benefit and neither cansurvive without the other is called:

  • A. Mutualism
  • B. Commensalism
  • C. Parasitism
  • D. None of these

Explanation: Mutualism is an interaction in which both species benefit; when both are dependent on the association for survival, it is often called…

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Correct answer: Mutualism

336. A striking example of ______ is that of a ruminant animal such as a cow and the bacteria that live in its gut:

  • A. Parasitism
  • B. Commensalism
  • C. Mutualism
  • D. None of these

Explanation: Gut bacteria help cows digest cellulose and obtain food and shelter in return, so both partners benefit.

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Correct answer: Mutualism

337. A symbiotic association between fungus and roots of higher plants is known as:

  • A. Lichen
  • B. None of these
  • C. Mutualism
  • D. Mycorrhiza

Explanation: Mycorrhiza is the association between fungal hyphae and plant roots, in which the fungus commonly receives carbohydrates while improving…

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Correct answer: Mycorrhiza

338. An association between a fungus and an alga is known as:

  • A. None of these
  • B. Mycorrhiza
  • C. Mutualism
  • D. Lichen

Explanation: A lichen is a composite association of a fungus with an alga or, in some cases, a cyanobacterium.

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Correct answer: Lichen

339. The symbiotic association in which one partner gains benefit without benefiting or harming the other is known as:

  • A. Commensalism
  • B. Lichen
  • C. Mutualism
  • D. None of these

Explanation: Commensalism is a +/0 interaction: one organism gains a benefit while the other is neither helped nor harmed.

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Correct answer: Commensalism

340. Barnacles attached to the backs of whales and turtles, get a free ride to better riding places, in an example of:

  • A. Lichen
  • B. Mutualism
  • C. Commensalism
  • D. Mycorrhiza

Explanation: Barnacles benefit by being transported to food-rich locations, while the whale or turtle is generally neither significantly helped nor…

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Correct answer: Commensalism
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