All Free Forestry MCQs with Answers

• A. All of the above
• B. Suddenly free to spread out
• C. The stream slow down, loses energy
• D. Where a stream flow into a larger main valley

Explanation: An alluvial fan forms where a stream leaves a confined channel, spreads suddenly, slows down and loses carrying energy, depositing…

• A. Alluvival Fans
• B. Alluvium
• C. Albedo
• D. None of these

Explanation: Alluvium is the general name for sediment deposited by running water, including clay, silt, sand and gravel.

• A. Alluvium
• B. Alluvival Fans
• C. Aquiclude
• D. Albedo

Explanation: An aquiclude contains water but transmits it so slowly that it cannot provide a significant yield to wells or springs.

• A. Albedo
• B. Alluvival Fans
• C. Aquiclude
• D. Aquifer

Explanation: An aquifer is a water-bearing geological formation that transmits groundwater in quantities sufficient for practical or economic use.

• A. Precipitation
• B. Canopy interaction
• C. Thorough fall
• D. All of the above
• E. Stem flow

Explanation: Precipitation is partitioned by the canopy into processes such as canopy interception, throughfall and stemflow, all of which are…

• A. Direct measurement in water artificially applied
• B. Both (a) & (b)
• C. Indirect method: several empirical methods have been developed toestimate total infiltration in a catchment
• D. None of these

Explanation: Infiltration capacity can be measured directly by applying water artificially and indirectly by estimating catchment infiltration through…

• A. Natural burning due to lightening
• B. Accidental burning due to negligence
• C. Prescribed burning due to for land manufacturing
• D. Prescribed burning due to for land manufacturing
• E. All of the above

Explanation: Forest burning may be natural, such as lightning-caused fire; accidental, through human negligence; or prescribed, when deliberately used…

• A. Ground fire
• B. Stem fire
• C. Crown fire
• D. All of the above

Explanation: Forest fires are commonly classified by the vegetation layer or position in which they burn, including ground, stem or surface, and crown…

• A. Change of species
• B. All of the above
• C. Soil loss, surface run off and peak flow are increased
• D. Infiltration capacity is decreased
• E. Human and litter is burnt

Explanation: Fire can alter species composition, burn humus and litter, and reduce infiltration through soil heating and water-repellent layers.

• A. Practices for soil protection and flood control
• B. Both (a) & (b)
• C. Practices for increasing water yield
• D. None of these

Explanation: Watershed management in forest areas combines soil protection and flood control with measures that regulate or increase useful water…

• A. Afforestation with soil stabilization
• B. All of the above
• C. Delay in snow melting
• D. Encourage deep-rooted plants
• E. Protection from fire and grazing and cutting tree insect attack

Explanation: Afforestation, soil stabilization, protection from fire, grazing and cutting, and suitable vegetation can reduce erosion and moderate…

• A. Vegetation
• B. Engineering structures
• C. Check dams
• D. All of the aboveTry CAD Software
• E. Diversion channels

Explanation: Water conservation in watersheds uses biological measures such as vegetation together with engineering measures such as check dams and…

• A. All of the above
• B. Cumecs: flow of cubic meter per second
• C. Acre feet: volume of water required to cover one acre to a depth of one feet
• D. Cusecs: flow of cubic feet per second

Explanation: A cusec is one cubic foot per second, a cumec is one cubic metre per second, and an acre-foot is the volume covering one acre to a depth…

• A. Channel interception or direct precipitation over the steam rain flow incident
• B. All of the above
• C. Sub-surface flow or inter-flow
• D. Base flow
• E. Surface run-off

Explanation: Streamflow reaches a channel through direct precipitation, surface runoff, subsurface or interflow, and groundwater base flow.

• A. When discharge is plotted over time in minutes, hours
• B. Days resulting curve is known as hydrograph
• C. Both (a) & (b)
• D. None of these

Explanation: A hydrograph is the curve obtained by plotting stream discharge against time, which may be recorded in minutes, hours, or days.

• A. All of the above
• B. A = Cross Sectional Area
• C. V = Velocity of Water
• D. Q = AV

Explanation: Discharge is calculated by Q = AV, where A is the channel cross-sectional area and V is the mean water velocity.

• A. Flood flower peak discharge: Max quality or height (stage) of water during a period
• B. Both (a) & (b)
• C. Flood stage: High water level human property or which overflows the normal banks of a stream
• D. None of these

Explanation: Peak flood discharge is the maximum flow during a flood, while flood stage refers to a water level high enough to approach or exceed the…

• A. Local floods and their frequency is increased
• B. Denudation is watershed
• C. All of the above
• D. Rainfall pattern
• E. Compaction of soil and decrease in inf rate

Explanation: Flooding is promoted by intense or poorly distributed rainfall, watershed denudation, and soil compaction that reduces infiltration and…

• A. Long rain floods
• B. Snow melt floods
• C. Slash floods (high rains)
• D. Tidal flood
• E. All of the above

Explanation: Major flood categories include prolonged-rain floods, snowmelt floods, flash floods, and tidal floods.

• A. Flood data of past is collected and arranged in descending order
• B. All of the above
• C. Probability of occurrence of certain flood is known
• D. Ranking of observation is carried out

Explanation: Frequency analysis ranks historical flood peaks, usually from largest to smallest, and uses their rank and record length to estimate…