All Free Forestry MCQs with Answers

• A. Algae and fungi
• B. Algae and bryophytes
• C. Algae and roots of gymnosperms
• D. Fungi and roots of higher plants

Explanation: Mycorrhiza is the mutually beneficial association of fungi with the roots of higher plants.

• A. Profundal zone
• B. Limnetic zone
• C. Both (a) & (b)
• D. Littoral zone

Explanation: In a lake, the profundal zone lies below the effective light-penetration level, so photosynthesis is absent or negligible there.

• A. Saprophytism
• B. Symbiosis
• C. Epiphytism
• D. Parasitism

Explanation: Rhizobium and related nodule bacteria live in legume root nodules and receive carbohydrates from the plant while fixing atmospheric…

• A. Saprophytic
• B. Parasitic
• C. Mutualistic
• D. Commensal

Explanation: Rhizobium bacteria obtain carbohydrates and shelter from legume roots, while the plant receives usable nitrogen fixed from the atmosphere.

• A. Living together
• B. A process advantageous to algae
• C. Harmful relationship of two organisms
• D. Phenomenon useful to fungi

Explanation: Symbiosis literally means living together and refers broadly to a close association between different organisms, whether the interaction…

• A. Mosses
• B. Grasses
• C. Ferns
• D. Liverworts

Explanation: After severe fire, grasses are typical early colonisers because their seeds disperse readily and many can resprout from protected roots.

• A. Parasitism
• B. Saprophytism
• C. Commensalism
• D. Symbiosis

Explanation: Commensalism is the interaction in which one organism gains while the other is unaffected, such as an epiphyte using a tree for support…

• A. Reiter
• B. Haeckel
• C. Warming
• D. Hilaire

Explanation: Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire introduced the term ethology for the study of animal behaviour.

• A. Weathering : sedimentation
• B. Weathering : pedogenesis
• C. Pedogenesis : weathering
• D. Sedimentation : pedogenesis

Explanation: Weathering first breaks parent rock into mineral material, after which pedogenesis develops that material into soil.

• A. Ecotype
• B. Ecad
• C. Ecotone
• D. Life form

Explanation: An ecad is an environmentally induced form whose members come from the same genetic stock but differ in appearance under different…

• A. Algae
• B. Bacteria
• C. Lichens
• D. Fungi

Explanation: Lichens chemically attack rock through acids produced by their algal and fungal partners, while their physical growth also helps…

• A. Biome
• B. Biological clock
• C. Biological spectrum
• D. Ecotone

Explanation: An ecotone is the transition zone between two adjacent communities, such as the boundary between forest and grassland.

• A. Annual rainfall
• B. Nature of parent material
• C. Wind velocity
• D. Mean temperature

Explanation: Parent material is a passive soil-forming factor because it supplies the mineral base from which soil develops.

• A. Warming
• B. Misra
• C. Odum
• D. Maeckel

Explanation: Eugene Odum defined ecology as the study of the structure and function of nature, emphasizing relationships among organisms and their…

• A. Horizons A1 and A2 only
• B. Horizon A only
• C. Horizons A2 and B only
• D. Horizons A and B

Explanation: The solum is the developed soil profile, usually comprising the A and B horizons and excluding the relatively unaltered C horizon.

• A. Lithosphere
• B. Xerosphere
• C. Pasmmosphere
• D. Pedosphere

Explanation: The lithosphere is the solid rocky outer layer of Earth, including the crust and uppermost mantle.

• A. Horizons A2 and B
• B. Horizon B only
• C. Horizon A1
• D. Horizons B and C

Explanation: The A1 horizon is the surface mineral horizon enriched with humus and therefore contains more organic matter than the eluvial A2 or the…

• A. Oxides of Ca and Na
• B. Oxides of Ca and K
• C. Nitrates of Fe and Al
• D. Aluminosilicates of Na, K and Ca

Explanation: Common rock-forming silicate minerals are aluminosilicates containing sodium, potassium and calcium, such as feldspars.

• A. Mivart
• B. Elton
• C. Reiter
• D. Misra

Explanation: Mivart proposed the term hexicology for the study of the relations between organisms and their surroundings.

• A. Carbonation and oxidation
• B. All of these
• C. Hydrolysis and reduction
• D. Hydrolysis and chelation

Explanation: Chemical weathering includes carbonation, oxidation, hydrolysis, reduction and chelation, all of which alter minerals through chemical…