All Free Economics MCQs with Answers

• A. the place time and circumstances
• B. the social status of the person committing the act
• C. the social status of those judging the act
• D. all of the above

Explanation: Deviance is relative: an act may be judged differently depending on its setting, time, the actor's status, and the status or viewpoint of…

• A. anomie theory
• B. differential association theory
• C. deviant personality theory
• D. focal concerns theory

Explanation: Merton's anomie theory argues that societies promote cultural goals but distribute legitimate means unevenly, so some people cannot attain…

• A. set examples for others thus reaffirming existing norms
• B. are invented by society to promote group cohesion
• C. hinder group cohesion by disrupting stability
• D. prevent social change from occurring

Explanation: Deviants can act as negative examples, reminding group members where the boundaries of acceptable conduct lie and thereby reinforcing…

• A. the ability to control impulses
• B. leadership abilities
• C. sociability
• D. all of the above

Explanation: Research on heredity suggests that genetic factors may influence impulse control, sociability, and some leadership-related traits…

• A. genetic inheritance
• B. being labeled as deviant
• C. close association with deviants
• D. all of the above

Explanation: Cultural transmission theory treats deviance as learned behaviour passed through interaction, especially close association with people who…

• A. gang norms are substituted for society's norms in some cases
• B. gangs are useful for society
• C. gangs have no norms
• D. none of the above

Explanation: Delinquent gangs often develop their own standards, and in some cases these gang norms replace or conflict with wider social norms.

• A. manslaughter
• B. robbery
• C. moving traffic violation
• D. aggravated assault

Explanation: The FBI index crimes include homicide, robbery, and aggravated assault, among other serious offences.

• A. another name for split personality
• B. a term meaning "to hallucinate"
• C. applied to a number of disturbances for lack of any other label
• D. a psychosomatic disorder

Explanation: Schizophrenia is a broad psychiatric diagnosis historically used for a group of disturbances involving thought, perception and behaviour.

• A. Lombroso,s criminal types
• B. Sheldon,s mesomorphs
• C. the extra Y chromosome
• D. all of the above

Explanation: Lombroso’s criminal types, Sheldon’s body-type theory and the extra-Y-chromosome hypothesis are all biological attempts to explain…

• A. in the same way everywhere
• B. in some cultures, as nonexistent
• C. in the context of time and place
• D. as another world for crime

Explanation: Deviance is not an identical behaviour everywhere because social norms vary across cultures and historical periods.

• A. going in the wrong direction
• B. bad manners
• C. departure from social norms
• D. reversing one,s opinion

Explanation: In sociology, deviance means violating or departing from accepted social norms.

• A. has a cultural basis
• B. has a biological basis
• C. depends on how wanted the infant is
• D. none of the above

Explanation: Research indicates that mother-infant bonding has a biological basis, including innate attachment processes that support care and…

• A. conventional post conventional and legal-rational
• B. pre-conventional authoritarian and post-conventional
• C. pre-conventional conventional and post-conventional
• D. charismatic traditional and legal-rational

Explanation: Kohlberg arranged moral reasoning into pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional levels.

• A. infancy childhood adolescence and adulthood
• B. early childhood plays concrete operational and formal operational
• C. sensimotor pre-operational intuitive operational and concrete operational
• D. sensorimotor intuitive operational concrete operational and formal operational

Explanation: Piaget’s sequence is sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational and formal operational.

• A. protect the superego
• B. deceive sexual targets
• C. ward off sexual advances
• D. deflect anxiety

Explanation: In psychoanalytic theory, defense mechanisms reduce or deflect anxiety by protecting the person from distressing thoughts or conflicts.

• A. within the ld
• B. within family relations
• C. in the genital stage
• D. all of the above

Explanation: Freud associated libido, the energy of the life instincts, primarily with the id.

• A. religion
• B. the family
• C. the economy
• D. education

Explanation: Freud viewed the family as the crucial setting in which the child develops through identification, conflict and the formation of the id…

• A. an innate human response to deprivation and frustration
• B. a definite sharply defined emotion
• C. subject to manipulation
• D. all of the above

Explanation: Anger can arise innately from frustration or deprivation, has recognizable emotional features, and can be influenced or manipulated by…

• A. instinctual development
• B. development of higher learning functions
• C. biological drives
• D. aggressive behavior

Explanation: Infants need bodily contact and sensory stimulation for neurological and cognitive growth.

• A. every adult experience cycle back to childhood
• B. personality affects roles and vice-versa
• C. all feelings revolve around the self
• D. all experience is based on preconceptions

Explanation: Personality and social roles influence one another: personality affects the roles a person adopts, while repeated roles also shape…