All Free Agriculture MCQs with Answers

• A. Seepage losses
• B. Percolation losses
• C. Evaporation losses
• D. Absorption losses

Explanation: Absorption losses occur when seeped irrigation water is retained by the surrounding soil and does not reach the groundwater reservoir.

• A. Reduce level
• B. Positive level
• C. Soil level
• D. Negative level

Explanation: A reduced level is the elevation of a point above or below an adopted datum, commonly mean sea level.

• A. Cohesive
• B. Pug
• C. Seal
• D. Repair

Explanation: Pugging means compacting or packing wet clay to make a relatively impermeable layer.

• A. Failure
• B. Suitability
• C. Overturning
• D. Stability

Explanation: A stability analysis checks whether an earth dam foundation can resist shear failure under the applied loads and pore-water conditions.

• A. H3/2
• B. H1/3
• C. H1/2
• D. H1/4

Explanation: For an ogee spillway, discharge follows the relation Q = C L H^(3/2), where H is the effective head over the crest.

• A. Thin layer
• B. Nappe
• C. Water sheet
• D. Water spillway

Explanation: The sheet of water flowing over a spillway crest is called a nappe. This term is used for the overflowing water sheet in weirs and…

• A. Less than
• B. Equal to
• C. Excess
• D. Not required

Explanation: A spoil bank is the deposit of surplus excavated earth beside a channel or embankment.

• A. Within
• B. Out of
• C. Above
• D. Below

Explanation: A counter berm increases the effective width and stability of the canal bank, helping keep the saturation or seepage gradient line within…

• A. 1:4 to 1:6
• B. 1:3 to 1:5
• C. 1:2 to 1:4
• D. 1:5 to 1:7

Explanation: For loamy canal-bank soils, the saturation gradient is commonly taken within a range of about 1:4 to 1:6.

• A. 2.0 to 4.0
• B. 1.5 to 4.0
• C. 2.5 to 4.5
• D. 3 to 5

Explanation: For an economical gravity-dam design, the shear-friction factor is generally maintained between 1.5 and 4.0.

• A. Capillary
• B. Hygroscopic
• C. Gravity
• D. Free

Explanation: Gravity water, also called gravitational water, drains downward through soil under gravity and can raise the groundwater table when…

• A. Storm water
• B. Surface run-off
• C. Rain water
• D. Dry weather flow

Explanation: Storm water is runoff generated by rainfall from catchments, roads, buildings and uncultivated surfaces.

• A. Reclamation
• B. Leaching
• C. Recultivation
• D. de-salting

Explanation: Leaching removes soluble salts from the root zone by passing sufficient good-quality water through the soil so that salts move below the…

• A. 30,000
• B. 35,000
• C. 40,000
• D. 45,000

Explanation: In commonly cited Pakistan irrigation statistics, waterlogging and salinity together render roughly 40,000 hectares unproductive each…

• A. Levees
• B. Embankment
• C. Banks
• D. Cascades

Explanation: Cascades are a sequence of small vertical steps or drops constructed in a channel to reduce water velocity and prevent bed erosion.

• A. Biology
• B. Hydrology
• C. Hydrography
• D. Histology

Explanation: Hydrology studies the occurrence, movement, depletion and replenishment of water on and below the Earth's surface.

• A. Field Capacity
• B. Capillarity
• C. Infiltration capacity
• D. All are correct

Explanation: Infiltration capacity is the maximum rate at which soil can absorb water under specified conditions.

• A. Soil-moisture deficiency
• B. Field-moisture deficiency
• C. Equivalent-moisture deficiency
• D. a and b are correct

Explanation: The water needed to raise the existing soil moisture to field capacity is called soil-moisture deficiency or field-moisture deficiency.

• A. Increases
• B. Reduces
• C. remain stagnant
• D. Normal

Explanation: A dry soil initially has a high infiltration rate because its pores can readily absorb water; the rate generally declines as the soil…

• A. Infiltrometer
• B. I.C. curve
• C. Rain simulator
• D. v Hydrometer

Explanation: A rain simulator produces artificial rainfall under controlled conditions to study infiltration, runoff and erosion more realistically…