Why is chloroethanoic acid, ClCH2CO2H, a stronger acid than ethanoic acid?
Correct answer: D. Chlorine withdraws electrons and stabilizes the ClCH2CO2- anion
- A. Chlorine releases electrons and destabilizes ClCH2CO2- anion
- B. Chlorine releases electrons and stabilizes the ClCH2CO2- anion
- C. Chlorine withdraws electrons and destabilizes ClCH2CO2- anion
- D. Chlorine withdraws electrons and stabilizes the ClCH2CO2- anion
Explanation
The strength of an acid is determined by the stability of its conjugate base. The highly electronegative chlorine atom withdraws electron density through the inductive effect, which disperses the negative charge on the carboxylate anion and stabilizes it, making the parent acid stronger.
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About Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic acids are named and studied through the combined effects of the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups, their preparation, acidity and hydrogen bonding. Reactions include neutralisation, esterification, reduction and conversion into acid chlorides, anhydrides, esters and amides, with emphasis on how these derivatives interconvert.
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