Moderate

Who disfavored book reading (rote learning), formal and social education, formal discipline, and habit formation______________________?

Correct answer: D. Rousseau

  • A. Pestalozzi
  • B. Parkhurst
  • C. Kilpatrick
  • D. Rousseau

Explanation

Rousseau rejected rote book learning, excessive formal discipline, and forced habit formation because he believed education should follow the child’s natural development. Pestalozzi, by contrast, supported affectionate guidance and structured activity.

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Instructional approaches determine how teachers present content, involve learners and achieve lesson objectives. Coverage includes lecture, discussion, demonstration, questioning, problem-solving, cooperative learning, project and activity methods, along with teacher-centred and learner-centred approaches. Method selection depends on the subject, learners, available resources and intended learning outcome.

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