Which type of bonds are never formed when a substrate fits into the active site of an enzyme?
Correct answer: D. Covalent linkages
- A. Hydrogen bonds
- B. Ionic interactions
- C. Hydrophobic interactions
- D. Covalent linkages
Explanation
The correct answer is Covalent linkages because these bonds involve a strong and permanent connection between atoms, which is not typical during the transient interaction of a substrate with an enzyme's active site. Enzymes typically bind substrates through weaker interactions like hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions, and hydrophobic interactions, which facilitate the temporary nature of enzyme-substrate complexes. The other options-hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions, and hydrophobic interactions-are all types of interactions that can indeed occur as substrates fit into the active site, making them incorrect choices for this question.
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Enzymes are biological catalysts that lower activation energy without being consumed, and their specificity is explained by the lock and key and induced fit models. Work includes the effects of temperature, pH and substrate concentration on reaction rate, plus competitive and non-competitive inhibition and how these differ.
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