Which one of the following pairs of structures distinguishes a nerve cell from other types of cell?
Correct answer: D. Perikaryon and dendrites
- A. Vacuoles and fibres
- B. Flagellum and medullary sheath
- C. Nucleus and mitochondrion
- D. Perikaryon and dendrites
Explanation
Neuron (nerve cell) is one of the basic functional units of the nervous system. Neuron is a cell specialized to transmit electrical nerve impulse and so carry information from one part of the body to another. Each neuron has an enlarged portion, the cell body (perikaryon), containing the nucleus; from the body extend several processes (dendrites) through which impulses enter from their branches. A longer process, the nerve fibre, extends outward and carries impulses away from the cell body. This is normally unbranched except at the nerve ending. The point of contact of one neuron with another is known as a synapse.
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About Coordination and Control
Coordination depends on receptors, neurons, synapses and nerve impulses, with reflex actions traced through the reflex arc and the roles of major brain regions. Chemical coordination covers endocrine glands and hormones, including how hormones regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction and internal balance, unlike rapid nervous control.
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