Which one following reactions is NOT the example of heterogeneous catalysis?
Correct answer: D. Option D: Hydrochloric acid gas reacting with ammonia gas to form ammonium chloride
- A. Option A: Nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas reacting in the presence of solid iron to form ammonia
- B. Option B: Ethylene gas reacting with hydrogen gas in the presence of solid palladium to form ethane
- C. Option C: Sulfur dioxide gas reacting with oxygen gas over a solid vanadium pentoxide catalyst to form sulfur trioxide
- D. Option D: Hydrochloric acid gas reacting with ammonia gas to form ammonium chloride
Explanation
Option D is the correct answer because in this reaction, both the reactants and the catalyst are in the gaseous phase, making it an example of homogeneous catalysis. A heterogeneous catalyst would be in a different phase than the reactants, such as a solid catalyst with gaseous reactants as seen in options A, B, and C. In those cases, the catalyst provides a surface on which the reaction can occur, which is characteristic of heterogeneous catalysis.
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Reaction kinetics relates reaction rate to concentration, temperature, surface area and catalysts. Questions cover rate laws, reaction order, rate constants, activation energy and the activated complex, including how a catalyst lowers the activation energy without changing the overall energy change or equilibrium position.
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